σθένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]], [[might]], esp. [[bodily strength]], freq. in Il., less freq. in Od.; κάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε Il.17.329; <b class="b3">ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος</b> ib. 499; χερσίν τε ποσίν τε καὶ σθένει 20.361; <b class="b3">ποδῶν χειρῶν τε σ.</b> Pi.''N.''10.48; opp. [[φρήν]], ib.1.26; γνῶμαι πλέον κρατοῦσιν ἢ σθένος χερῶν S.''Fr.'' 939: c.inf., <b class="b3">ἐν δὲ σ. ὦρσεν ἑκάστῳ.. πολεμίζειν</b> [[strength]] to war, Il.2.451; σ. ποιεῖν εὖ φερέγγυον A.''Eu.''87; σ. ὥστε καθελεῖν E.''Supp.''66 (lyr.): less freq. of the [[force]] of things, as of a stream, Il.17.751; σ. ἀελίου Pi.''P.''4.144; [ἄρουραι] σθένος ἔμαρψαν Id.''N.''6.11: [[σθένει]] [[by force]], S.''OC'' 842 (lyr.), E.''Ba.''953; <b class="b3">λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει</b> both by right and [[might]], S. ''OC''68; ὑπὸ σθένους E.''Ba.''1127; <b class="b3">παντὶ σθένει</b> with all [[one's might]], freq. in treaties, ''SIG''122.6, al., Foed. ap. Th.5.23, Pl.''Lg.''646a—the only phrase in which early prose writers use the word (cf. infr. ''III''); found in [[LXX]], ''Jb.''4.10, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> later, generally, [[strength]], [[might]], [[power]], moral as well as physical, ἀνάγκης A.''Pr.''105; τῆς ἀληθείας S.''OT''369; <b class="b3">ἀγγέλων σ.</b> their [[might]] or [[authority]], A.''Ch.''849: c. gen. obj., <b class="b3">ἀγωνίας σ.</b> [[strength]] for conflict, Pi.''P.''5.113 (s.v.l., -ίαις Bgk.); <b class="b3">εἰ σ. λάβοιμι</b> if I should gain [[strength]] enough, S.''El.''333, cf. 348, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> a [[force]] of men, Il.18.274; <b class="b3">ἐπελθὼν οὐκ ἐλάσσονι σ.</b> [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''438: but in both places sense 1.1 is more prob.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[quantity]], [[profusion]], σ. πλούτου Pi.''I.''3.2; [[ὕδατος]], [[νιφετοῦ]], Id.''O.''9.51, ''Fr.''107.11.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[periphrasis]], like [[βίη]], ἴς, μένος, σ. Ἰδομενῆος, Ὠρίωνος, Ὠαρίωνος, etc., for Idomeneus, Orion, etc. themselves, Il.13.248, 18.486, Hes.''Op.''598, etc.; <b class="b3">σ. ἵππων, ἵππιον</b>, Id.''Sc.''97, Pi.''P.''2.12, etc.:—in Pl. ''Phdr.''267c, <b class="b3">Χαλκηδονίου σ.</b> is ironical.

|elnltext=σθένος -εος, contr. -ους, τό vooral poët., (lichaams-)kracht, macht:; τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης... σθένος de macht van het noodlot Aeschl. PV 105; παντὶ σθένει uit alle macht Thuc. 5.23.3; concr. legermacht; Il. 18.274; ter omschrijving van pers..; σ. Ὠρίωνος (de krachtige) Orion Il. 18.486; met inf. vermogen tot, om:; σθένος πολεμίζειν vermogen om oorlog te voeren Il. 2.451; overdr. massa. Pind.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[strength]], [[power]], [[ability]], [[might]] (almost only ep. poet. Il.).<br />Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-σθενής</b> [[without strength]], [[strengthless]] (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">ἀσθέν-εια</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>. <b class="b3">-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>; also <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Arist. a.o.); second. simplex <b class="b3">σθενής ἰσχυρός</b>, [[καρτερός]] H. Also as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">σθενο-βλαβής</b> [[damaging the strenght]] (Opp.; after <b class="b3">φρενο-βλαβής</b>); PN as <b class="b3">Σθενέ-λαος</b> (after [[Μενέλαος]]), short name [[Σθένελος]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σθεν-αρός</b> [[powerful]] (ep. poet. I 505, also Hp.); after [[βριαρός]], [[στιβαρός]] a. o.; 2. <b class="b3">Σθέν-ιος</b> m., <b class="b3">-ιάς</b> f. surname of Zeus resp. of Athena in Argolis (Paus.); <b class="b3">-εια</b> n. pl. name of a Agon in Argos (Plu.), also f. sg. surn. of Athena (Lyc. 1164; after the womens' names in <b class="b3">-εια</b>). 3. Backformation <b class="b3">σθέν-ω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> σθένος Q. S.) to [[be strong]], to [[be able]] (only pres. a. ipf.; trag., also late epic a. prose; cf. Schwyzer 723); 4. also <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[to strengthen]] (1. Ep. Pet. 5, 10; fut.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Can have an (<b class="b3">ε)νος-</b>suffix like [[ἄφενος]], [[κτῆνος]] a. o. (Schwyzer 513, Chantraine Form. 420), which DELG doubts; further unclear. Hypothesis by Bolling AmJPh 21, 316: to Skt. <b class="b2">saghnóti</b> [[endure]], [[bear]], [[be up to]], Av. [[a-zg-ata-]] [[irresistable]], so IE <b class="b2">*sgʷh-énos</b>. Diff. Sommer Lautst.65ff.: for <b class="b3">*σθᾶνος</b> (from <b class="b3">*στα-σνος</b>) with <b class="b3">-ε-</b> after [[μένος]]; phonetically improbable.

|ftr='''σθένος''': {sthénos}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Stärke]], [[Kraft]], [[Vermögen]], [[Macht]] (fast nur ep. poet. seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''': Sehr oft als Hinterglied, z.B. [[ἀσθενής]] [[ohne Stärke]], [[kraftlos]] (Pi., ion. att.) mit [[ἀσθένεια]], -έω. -ημα, -όω, -ωσις; auch -ικός (Arist. u.a.); sekund. Simplex [[σθενής]]· [[ἰσχυρός]], [[καρτερός]] H. Auch als Vorderglied, z.B. [[σθενοβλαβής]] [[die Stärke beschädigend]] (Opp.; nach [[φρενοβλαβής]]); PN wie Σθενέλαος (nach [[Μενέλαος]]), Kurzname Σθένελος (Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σθεναρός]] [[kraftvoll]] (ep. poet. seit ''I'' 505, auch Hp.); nach [[βριαρός]], [[στιβαρός]] u. a.; 2. Σθένιος m., -ιάς f. Beiname des Zeus bzw. der Athena in Argolis (Paus.); -εια n. pl. N. eines Agons in Argos (Plu.), auch f. Sg. Bein. der Athena (Lyk. 1164; nach den Frauennamen auf -εια). 3. Rückbildung [[σθένω]] (ἐπι- ~ Q. S.) [[stark sein]], [[vermögen]] (nur Präs. u. Ipf.; Trag., auch sp. Epik u. Prosa; vgl. Schwyzer 723); 4. auch -όω [[stärken]] (1. ''Ep''. ''Pet''. 5, 10; Fut.).<br />'''Etymology''': Kann ein (ε)νος-Suffix enthalten wie [[ἄφενος]], [[κτῆνος]] u. a. (Schwyzer 513, Chantraine Form. 420); im übrigen unklar. Hypothese von Bolling AmJPh 21, 316: zu aind. ''saghnóti'' [[ertragen]], [[aushalten]], [[gewachsen sein]], aw. ''a''-''zg''-''ata''- [[unwiderstehlich]], somit idg. *''zgʷh''-''énos''. Anders Sommer Lautst.65ff.: für *σθᾶνος (aus *στασνος) mit -ε- nach [[μένος]]; lautlich unannehmbar.<br />'''Page''' 2,698-699