φημί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> φῄς, φηις ''PCair.Zen.''316.1 (iii B. C.), ''PSI''7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; [[φησί]] (apocop. [[φή]] Anacr.40); pl. <b class="b3">φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί</b>; Dor. [[φαμί]], [[φασί]] or [[φατί]] ([[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''771, Anon. in ''PSI''9.1091.11, 18), 3pl. <b class="b3">φαντί</b>; Aeol. [[φᾶμι]] Sapph.32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc.''Supp.''20.6, 3sg. [[φαῖσι]] ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. φαῖσι Sapph. ''Supp.''5.2: aor. 2 [[ἔφην]], Ep. [[φῆν]] Il.18.326; ἔφησθα 1.397, al., Ar.''Lys.'' 132, X.''An.''1.6.7, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''438a, Aeschin.3.164, etc. (rarely ἔφης Il.22.280, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.1.23), Ep. [[φῆσθα]] Il.21.186, Od.14.149 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[φῇσθα]]), φῆς Il.5.473, Od.7.239 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); [[ἔφη]], Ep. [[φῆ]], Dor. [[φᾶ]] Pi.''I.''2.11; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν Isoc.3.26 (ἔφημεν A.D.''Adv.''184.7, Gal.1.158, Papp.524.16, Choerob. ''in Theod.''2.341 H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε And.2.25; 3pl. [[ἔφασαν]], Ep. [[φάσαν]] Il.2.278, also ἔφᾰν, [[φάν]], 3.161, 6.108; imper. [[φαθί]] (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.431, al., A.D.''Synt.''264.4; [[φάθι]] is found in codd. of Pl. ''Grg.''475e, al.); subj. [[φῶ]], [[φῇς]], [[φῇ]], Ep. [[φῇσιν]] Od.1.168, φήῃ 11.128, 23.275; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι ''Tab.Heracl.''1.116; opt. [[φαίην]], 1pl. φαῖμεν Il.2.81, 24.222, Pi.''N.''7.87, 3pl. φαῖεν Th.3.68, etc.; inf. [[φάναι]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.27, etc., ''poet.'' φάμεν Pi.''N.''8.19; part. φάς Il.9.35, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.63, 141, ''SIG''279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.135, pl. φάντες Il.3.44, 14.126, Pl.''Alc.''2.139b: fut. φήσω, Dor. [[φασῶ]] [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]'' 739, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in ''PSI''11.1212.9, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.153, ''PCair.Zen.''19.3 (iii B. C.) ([[ἔφασεν]] is dub. ib.140.7); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε Pi.''N.''1.66; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) φάσῃς [ᾱ] Simon.32 ([[φήσῃς]] etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.69, A.''Pr.''503, part. φήσας [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.1, Isoc.12.239, inf. φῆσαι [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''2.7:—Med. (chiefly ''poet.'' in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 [[ἐφάμην]], [[ἔφατο]] (also ''SIG''437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), ''PCair.Zen.''343.8 (iii B. C.), ''PSI''4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth.4.5, etc.), Ep. [[φάτο]] Il.20.262, φάσθε Od.6.200, 10.562, [[ἔφαντο]], Ep. [[φάντο]] 24.460; imper. φάο 16.168, 18.171, [[φάσθω]], [[φάσθε]]; inf. [[φάσθαι]]; part. [[φάμενος]] (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., ''SIG''364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), ''PCair.Zen.''236.4 (iii B. C.), ''PHamb.''4.14 (i A. D.), J.''AJ''17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. φάσομαι [ᾱ] Pi.''N.''9.43:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται A.R.2.500; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω Pl.''Ti.''72d; but part. πεφασμένος Il.14.127, A.''Pr.''843 should be referred to [[φαίνω]]: aor. ἐφάθην (ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist.''Int.''18b39. The pres. indic. [[φημί]] is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. [[φῄς]]: [[φαμέν]] is 1pl. pres., [[φάμεν]] ''poet.'' inf.: [[φαντί]] is 3pl., [[φάντι]] part.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[φάσκω]] supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. <b class="b3">ἔφασκον</b>; cf. <b class="b3">ἠμί. [ᾰ,</b> except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. [[φάς]], [[φᾶσα]]: in inf. <b class="b3">φάναι ᾰ</b> [[always]]; [[φᾶναι]] is corrupt in Eub.119.11 codd. Ath.]:—[[say]], [[affirm]], [[assert]], either abs., or followed by inf., e.g. <b class="b3">Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν</b>(= [[φιλεῖν]]) φησι ''IG''12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἶναι]]) Il.8.153; also <b class="b3">Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν</b>; [[what]] [[shall]] [[we]] [[say]] of the [[Corinthians]]? X.''HG''3.5.12; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς ''Ev.Matt.''13.28; <b class="b3">κατά τινος φ.</b> to [[speak]] [[against]] him, X.''Ap.''25: sometimes followed by [[ὡς]], Lys.7.19, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in X. ''HG''6.3.7; by [[ὅτι]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 487d, Corn.''ND''30; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. [[l.c.]]; by part., dub. in Pl. ''Grg.''481c (fort. leg. [[θῶμεν]]); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 59c.<br><span class="bld">b</span> since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, [[think]], [[deem]], [[suppose]], φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν Il. 2.37; <b class="b3">φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε</b> [[you would say]], [[would think]], he was... 3.220; <b class="b3">ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι</b> to [[say]] he is (i.e. [[fancy]] himself) [[equal]] to me, 1.187, 15.167; <b class="b3">μὴ.. φαθὶ λεύσσειν</b> [[think]] not that you [[see]], Theoc.22.56; [[τί φῄς]]; [[what say you]]? i.e. [[what think you]]? (v. infr. 11.5); λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς Ar.''Pl.''349:—so <b class="b3">φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι</b>, [[deem]] it [[right]], And.3.34, Isoc.3.48.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[say]], i.e. [[write]], of an [[author]], ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act.<br><span class="bld">II</span> Special Phrases:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[φασί]], [[they say]], [[it is said]], Il.5.638, Od.6.42, etc.; parenthetically, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1109a35, Men.''Epit.'' 223, etc.: Prose writers use [[φησί]] when quoting, D.23.89, etc.; [[φησίν]] [[saith]] He, ''1 Ep.Cor.''6.16; especially of an opponent's [[objection]], Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται.. καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα Lib.''Or.''52.39; "τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη [[Ὅμηρος]] as [[Homer]] [[said]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 315b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> joined with a synon. Verb, <b class="b3">ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.156, 6.137, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122; <b class="b3">λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη</b>.. Id.2.22; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; D.8.37, cf. 25.100; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; E.''Hel.''483.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, <b class="b3">ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, [[said]] I, [[said]] [[Socrates]], but the order is sometimes inverted, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη</b>, I [[said]], [[Socrates]] [[said]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by [[λέγει]], [[εἶπεν]], etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος.. εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη X.''Oec.''17.10, cf. Pl.''Chrm.''164e; ἡ κρίσις.. διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι Lys.13.50.<br><span class="bld">5</span> τί φημί; S.''OT''1471, and τί φῄς; ''Ph.''804, E.''Hel.'' 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations.<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">κυριώτατα φάναι</b>, in parenthesis, strictly [[speaking]], Ph.2.374; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω φάναι</b>, = ὡς [[εἰπεῖν]], ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω [[φάναι]] [[practically]] all, Gal.''Vict.Att.''9; [[συνελόντα]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[συνελόντι]]) [[φάναι]], = [[συνελόντι εἰπεῖν]], Id.16.502.<br><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">Οἰδίπουν.. ἂν μόνον φῶ</b> if I only [[mention]] Oedipus, Antiph.191.6, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''411a, 435a.<br><span class="bld">III</span> like [[κατάφημι]], [[say yes]], [[affirm]], [[assert]], <b class="b3">καὶ τοὺς φάναι</b> and they [[said yes]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.88; καί φημι κἀπόφημι S.''OC''317; ἔγωγέ φημι Pl. ''Grg.''526c; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Id.''Tht.''165a: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; S.''Ant.''442; but <b class="b3">οὔ φημι</b> means [[say no]], [[deny]], [[refuse]], c. inf., <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν</b> [[said]] she would [[not]]... [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.19, cf. 8.2; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι Lys.13.15, 47 (leg. -τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' [[ἐνδίκως]] [[ἀνδρηλατεῖν]] A.''Eu.''221, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.63: abs., <b class="b3">κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ</b> if he [[say]]s [[no]], Ar.''Av.''555 (anap.); <b class="b3">ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ</b> [[answer]] me [[yes]] or [[no]] to my [[question]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 475e; so in answers, [[φημί]] or [[οὕτως φημί]] [[yes]], Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''270c, al., ''Grg.''500e; [[οὐκ ἔφη]] = [[he said no]], Id.''Phd.''118a.—In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. φήσω and aor. ἔφησα, but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid [[ambiguity]], they prefer [[ἔφασκον]], [[φάσκειν]], [[φάσκων]] (v. [[φάσκω]]): [[φάναι]] is distinguished from [[φάσκειν]], e.g. <b class="b3">ἔφη σπουδάζειν</b> he said he was in [[haste]], ἔφασκε [[σπουδάζειν]] = he [[allege]]d he was in [[haste]]; but [[ἔφησθα]] is found in this sense, X.''An.''1.6.7.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[command]], [[order]], ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με Lys.16.13 (so [[ἔφασαν]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἔφρασαν]] in [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.6.11).