ἦ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv., never in the form [[ἦε]] (ἠέ):<br><span class="bld">I</span> TO CONFIRM an assertion, [[in truth]], [[of a surety]], ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il.5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, al.; with concessive force, it is true that..: hence, although.., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215: freq. strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od.24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή Il.13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι Od.16.199; ἦ δή Il.2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''429; ἦ θην Il.20.452; ἦ κάρτα S. ''El.''1279; ἦ μάλα Il.3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422; <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> and <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il.22.11; ἦ τάχα Od.18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, <b class="b3">ἦ που</b>, v. [[ἦ που]] and [[ποῦ]]: esp. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> used in oaths and asseverations, Il.2.291, 7.393, A.''Pr.''73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν Il.2.370, 13.354, Sapph.''Supp.''23.5; ἦ μέν Od.10.65(later <b class="b3">εἶ μήν</b>, v. [[εἷ]]): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77; <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> also in Ion. historical Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.154, 5.93, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. ''Phd.''115d; <b class="b3">ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν</b> Lexap.D.24.39: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il.2.798, Od.18.257, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the combinations <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ</b> and <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b>; A.D.''Conj.''255.5, ''Synt.''307.19(cf. Hdn.Gr.1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' [[ἠ]] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after [[ἐπεί]], barytone after [[ὅτι]] or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative [[ἦ]] (cf. A.D.''Conj.''l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. Il.1.169, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα</b> ib. 156, Od.10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. Il.20.437, Od.16.442. Trypho took [[τίη]] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. Il.6.55, but A.D. (''Conj.''l.c.) infers from the accent of <b class="b3">ὅτι ἢ</b> that <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b> was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust.45 init., 118.39, 907.14 to be [[τιή]], [[ὁτιή]]([[quod vide|qq.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">3</span> this [[ἦ]] (or [[ἢ]]) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il.2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od.3.348, 19.109, where codd. have [[ἢ]] (in Od.3.348 [[ἠδέ]] (cj. Bekker) should perhaps be read for [[ἠέ]]).<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Questions not involving alternatives:<br><span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions,<br><span class="bld">a</span> epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, <b class="b3">τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος</b>; why hast thou come? [[is it]] that thou mayst see.. ? Il.1.203, cf. 5.466,7.26, Od.4.710,13.418, 17.376, B.17.5; <b class="b3">τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''622, cf. E.''Or.''1425 ([[ἤ]] codd.); <b class="b3">τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης</b>; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.2.112.<br><span class="bld">b</span> not epexegetic of a preceding question, <b class="b3">ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος</b>; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od.10.330, cf. Il.11.666, 15.504; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορος</b>; do you not hear..? ib.506, cf. Od.16.424; <b class="b3">ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται</b>; Pl.''Cri.''43c; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω</b>; don't you think so too? Id.''Grg.''479b (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά</b>; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.479c (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ τορῶς λέγω</b>; A.''Ag.''269; <b class="b3">ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''757: freq. with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρ..</b>; Od.20.166, Il.19.56; mostly <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα..</b>; 5.421, 762, Od.4.632; also in Trag. (in lyr.), A.''Pers.''633, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''172, 955: esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi.''I.''7(6).3 sqq.; <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή..</b>; Il.13.446; <b class="b3">ἦ ῥά νυ..</b>; 4.93; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ..</b>; 15.128; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δή..</b>; S.''Ph.''565, ''El.''385; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..</b>; Id.''OT''429; <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ..</b>; A.''Pr.'' 745, 757, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1000: in Att. Prose, <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ</b>; standing alone, is it not so? [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''160e, ''Grg.''449d, 468d; <b class="b3">ἦ καί..</b>; A.''Ag.''1207, 1362:—[[ἦ]] usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il.5.421, 762, Od.4.632, S.''OC''863, 1102, or [[ἀλλά]], as in A.''Ag.''276, ''Ch.''774:—by Crasis [[ἦ]] combines with [[ἄρα]] in Att. and the [[κοινή]] to [[ἆρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), in all other dialects (cf. A.D.''Conj.''223.24) to [[ἦρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but [[ἆρα]] is found in Pi.''P.''4.78 ([[ἄρα]] codd.), al., Archil.86, 89.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης Od. 13.415 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]], which alone has Ms. authority in Il.1.83, Od.19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il.8.111 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω</b>; Od.16.138 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν</b> they shall investigate whether.. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll.34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι ''IG''12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented [[ἤ]] in codd. Hom., but it should perhaps be perispom.<br><span class="bld">ἦ</span>, for [[ἔφη]], 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of [[ἠμί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). ἦ, for [[ἦν]], Att. contr. from lon. [[ἔα]], impf. of [[εἰμί]]<br><span class="bld">A</span> ([[sum]]).