δῆμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[δᾶμος]] (cf. infr. IV), ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[district]], [[country]], [[land]], Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δ. ἔχοντες Il.5.710; Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δ. 16.437, cf. Od.13.322, etc.; 'Ιθάκης ἐνὶ δ. 1.103; δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων 13.266; λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον 16.95: metaph., [[δῆμος ὀνείρων]] = the [[land of dreams]], 24.12.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[people]], [[inhabitants]] of such a district, πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ Il.3.50, cf. ''h.Cer.''271; Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δ. A.''Pers.''732.<br><span class="bld">II</span> hence (since the common people lived in the country, the chiefs in the [[city]]), [[the commons]], [[common people]], [[δήμου ἀνήρ]], opp. [[βασιλεύς]], [[ἔξοχος ἀνήρ]], etc., Il.2.198,188, cf. 11.328, Hes.''Op.''261, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.66, ''Act.Ap.''12.22, etc. (rarely of a single person, [[δῆμον ἐόντα]] = [[being a commoner]], Il.12.213); opp. [[οἱ εὐδαίμονες]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.196; opp. [[οἱ παχέες]], Id.5.30; opp. [[οἱ δυνατοί]], Th.5.4; οἱ… ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος Id.8.73; = Lat. [[plebs]], D.H.6.88, etc.; [[τοῦ πολλοῦ δῆμου εἷς]] = [[one of the people]], [[unus de plebe]], Luc. ''Sat.''2; τοῦ δ. ὤν Id.''Gall.''22; in an [[army]], [[rank and file]], opp. [[officer]]s, ὁ δ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.14.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., δ. ἰχθύων Antiph. 206.7; τυράννων Philostr.''VS''1.15.1; πιθήκων Id.''VA''3.4; [[ὀρνέων]] Alciphr.3.30.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in a political sense, [[the sovereign people]], [[the free citizens]], A.''Th.''199,1011, etc.; ὁ δ. ὁ Ἀθηναίων ''IG''12.10.37, etc.; προστάτης τοῦ δήμου Th.6.35, etc.; personified, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''42, al.; ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δ. καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων ''IG''22.1028.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[popular government]], [[democracy]], opp. [[ὀλιγαρχίη]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.82; opp. [[οἱ τύραννοι]], And.1.106; πολίτεομα εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δ. ''SIG''283.4 (iv B. C.); δήμου κατάλυσις X.''HG''2.3.28, Arist. ''Ath.''8.4; ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία Philippid.25.7; [[δ. καταστῆσαι]], [[καταπαύειν]], X.''HG''7.3.3, Th.1.107: in plural, [[democracies]], Id.3.82, D.20.15; δ. ὁ ἔσχατος Arist.''Pol.''1277b3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[the popular assembly]], λέγειν ἐν τῷ δ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 565b; [[ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δ]]., formula in Inscrr., as ''IG''12.39, etc.; of the [[assembly]] of Oxyrhynchus, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''41.19 (iii/iv A. D.), 1407.19 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[township]], [[commune]] (= Dor. [[κώμη]] acc. to Arist.''Po.''1448a37; but διελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους Isoc.7.46, cf. Pl.''Lg.''746d, and v. infr.), in Attica, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.69, Arist.''Ath.''21.5, Str.9.1.16, ''IG''12.76.9, al.; elsewhere, ib.12(5).594 (Ceos), ''Phib.''1.28.13 (iii A. D.), ''OGI''49.14 (Ptolemais), etc.:—Dor. [[δᾶμος]], ''Michel''418.34 (Calymna), ''IG''12(1).58.23 (Lindos): in indications of origin, [[Σωφάνης]] ἐκ δ. Δεκελεῆθεν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.73; δήμου Ἁλαιεύς Antiph.211; τῶν δήμων Πιτθεύς Pl.''Euthphr.''2b; τῶν δ. Θορίκιος D.39.30, cf. Arist.''Ath.''21.4; ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δ. ''IG''22.223B4: metaph., οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δ. Philostr. ''Gym.'' 44.<br><span class="bld">V</span> name for a [[prostitute]], Archil.184.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[faction]] in the [[circus]], ''Tab.Defix.Aud.''15.8 (Syria, iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κατανάγκη]], Ps.-Dsc.4.131. (Perh. cognate with Skt. dā́ti '[[reap]]', [[δαίομαι]], [[δατέομαι]].)