φίλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, also ος, ον Pi.''O.''2.93: [ῐ: but Hom. uses the voc. [[φίλε]] with ῑ at the beginning of a verse, v. infr.].<br><span class="bld">I</span> pass., [[beloved]], [[dear]], Il.1.20, etc.; παῖδε φίλω 7.279; freq. c. dat., [[dear]] to one, μάλα οἱ φ. ἦεν 1.381; φ. ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι 20.347, etc.: voc., <b class="b3">φίλε κασίγνητε</b> (at the beginning of the line) 4.155, 5.359; with neut. nouns, φίλε τέκνον Od.2.363, 3.184, etc.; but φίλον τέκος Il.3.162; also [[φίλος]] for [[φίλε]] (Att., acc. to A.D.''Synt.''213.28), φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189, cf. 9.601, 21.106, al., Pi.''N.''3.76, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''545 (lyr.), E.''Supp.''277 (lyr.), Ar.''Nu.''1168(lyr.): gen. added to the voc., φίλ' ἀνδρῶν Theoc. 15.74, 24.40; ὦ φίλα γυναικῶν E.''Alc.''460 (lyr.): as [[substantive]]:<br><span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">φίλος, ὁ,</b> [[friend]], [[κουρίδιος]] φίλος, i.e. [[husband]], Od.15.22; [[φίλοι]] = [[friends]], [[kith and kin]], νόσφιφίλων Il.14.256; τῆλεφίλων Od.2.333, cf.6.287; <b class="b3">φ. μέγιστος</b> my greatest [[friend]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1331; <b class="b3">φίλοι οἱ ἐγγυτάτω, οἱ ἔγγιστα</b>, Lys. 1.41 codd., Plb.9.24.2; after Hom. freq. with a gen., ὁ Διὸς φίλος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''306; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐμαυτοῦ φ., τοὺς τούτων φ.</b>, Aeschin.1.47; φ. ἐμός S.''Ph.''421; <b class="b3">τῶν ἐμε̄ν φ.</b> ib.509; τοὺς σφετέρους φ. X.''HG''4.8.25: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἔστιν ὁ φίλος ἄλλος αὐτός]] = [[a friend is another self]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1166a31; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''279c, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1159b31; οὐθεὶς φ. ᾧ πολλοὶ φ. Id.''EE''1245b20; also of [[friends]] or [[allies]], opp. [[πολέμιοι]], X.''HG'' 6.5.48; φ. καὶ σύμμαχος D.9.12, etc.; of a [[lover]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.4 (in bad sense, ''Lac.''2.13); [[φίλε]] = [[my friend]], as a form of courteous address, ''Ev.Luc.''14.10, etc.; in relation to things, οἱ μουσικῆς φ. E.''Fr.''580.3; ἀληθείας [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 487a; τῶν εἰδῶν Id.''Sph.''248a; Χίους φ. ποιῆσαι Lys. 14.36, etc.; ποιεῖσθαι Luc.''Pisc.''38; κτᾶσθαι Isoc.2.27, cf. Th.2.40; φίλους τιθέντες τούς γε πολεμιωτάτους E.''Hec.''848; φίλῳ χρῆσθαί τινι Antipho 5.63; ἡμᾶς ἔχειν φίλους And.1.40; for [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.49, v. [[φίλιος]].<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[φίλη]], ἡ, [[dear one]], [[friend]], κλῦτε, φίλαι Od.4.722; λόγοις ἐγὼ φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S.''Ant.''543; of a [[wife]], <b class="b3">φίλην τινὰ ἄγεσθαι</b> take as one's [[wife]], Il.9.146,288; <b class="b3">ἡ Ξέρξου φίλη</b>, of his [[mother]], A.''Pers.''832; of a [[mistress]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.23, 3.11.16; φίλην ποιήσασθαί τινα Antipho 1.14.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[φίλον]], τό, an [[object of love]], τὸ <b class="b3">φ. σέβεσθαι</b> to [[reverence]] [[what]] the [[city]] [[love]]s, S.''OC''187 (lyr.): addressed to persons, [[darling]], φ. ἐμόν Ar.''Ec.''952 (lyr.); so [[φίλτατον]] ib. 970; <b class="b3">τὰ φίλτατα</b> [[one's nearest and dearest]], [[dear ones]], such as [[wife]] and [[children]], A.''Pers.''851, ''Eu.''216, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''366, ''OC''1110, E.''Med.''16: v. [[φίλτατος]]; τἀμὰ φίλα, τὰ σὰ φ., Id.''Ion''523 (troch.), 613.<br><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">οἱ πρῶτοι φίλοι</b>, a title at the [[Ptolemaic]] [[court]], ''OGI''99.3, ''PTeb.''11.4 (ii B. C.), etc.; or simply οἱ φ. τοῦ βασιλέως ''OGI''100.1; or <b class="b3">οἱ φ.</b> alone, ib. 115.4; <b class="b3">τῶν φ. και διοικητοῦ</b> one of the king's [[friend]]s and [[dioecetes]], ''PTeb.''79.56 (ii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[pleasant]], [[welcome]], δόσις ὀλίγη τε φ. τε Od.6.208, cf. Il.1.167: c. dat. pers., αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη 5.891, cf. Od.8.248, 13.295; οὐ φίλα τοι ἐρέω [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.104; <b class="b3">δαίμοσιν πράσσειν φίλα</b> their [[pleasure]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''660, cf. infr. ''ΙΙ''.<br><span class="bld">b</span> freq. as predic., <b class="b3">φίλον ἐστί</b> or <b class="b3">γίγνεταί μοι</b> [[please]]s me, it is [[after]] my own [[heart]], εἴ πού τοι φίλον ἐστί Od.7.320; <b class="b3">μὴ φ. Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιτο</b> ib. 316, cf. Il.7.387; εἰ τόδε πᾶσι φ. καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο 4.17; καί τοι φ. ἔπλετο θυμῷ Od.13.145, etc.; τοῦτο μὲν ἴτω ὅπῃ τῷ θεῷ φίλον Pl.''Ap.'' 19a: less freq. c. inf., οὐ μὲν Τυδέϊ γ' ὧδε φίλον πτωσκαζέμεν Il.4.372; πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν Τρώων 21.101, cf. 24.334, Od. 14.378; so ταῦτα δαίμονί κοω φίλον ἦν οὕτω γενέσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.87, cf. 108, 4.97: rarely c. part., <b class="b3">εἰ τόδ' αὐτῷ φιλον κεκλημένῳ</b> if it [[please]] him to be so called, A.''Ag.''161 (lyr.): agreeing with pl., αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ' ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι Il.1.107, cf. Od.17.15; ἔνθα φίλ' ὀπταλέα κρέα ἔδμεναι Il.4.345; σοὶ δ' ἔργα φίλ' ἔστω μέτρια κοσμεῖν Hes.''Op.''306.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in Hom. and early Poets, [[one's own]]; freq. of limbs, life, etc., <b class="b3">φίλον δ' ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν</b> he took away [[dear]] [[life]], Il.5.155, cf. 22.58; κατεπλήγη φίλον ἦτορ 3.31; εἰς ὅ κε.. μοι φίλα γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ 9.610; φίλον κατὰ λαιμόν 19.209; especially of one's nearest kin, πατὴρ φ. 22.408, Sapph.''Supp.''20a.''ΙΙ''; ἄλοχος φ. Il.5.480: cf. [[φίλτατος]]: as a standing [[epithet]] when no [[affection]] is implied, <b class="b3">μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ</b> angry with [[his own]] mother, Il.9.555: simply to denote possession, φίλα εἵματα 2.261; <b class="b3">φ. πόνος</b> their [[wonted]] [[labour]], Theoc.21.20.<br><span class="bld">d</span> applied to the numbers 284 and 220, Iamb. ''in Nic.''p.35P.<br><span class="bld">II</span> less freq. (chiefly ''poet.'') in act. sense, [[loving]], [[friendly]], Od.1.313, cf. Il.24.775: c. gen., <b class="b3">φίλαν ξένων ἄρουραν</b> [[friendly]] to [[stranger]]s, Pi.''N.''5.8, cf. ''P.''3.5: of things, [[kindly]], [[pleasing]], φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς Il.17.325; <b class="b3">φίλα φρονέειν τινί</b> feel [[kindly]], Il.4.219; φ. ἐργάζεσθαί τινι Od.24.210; φ. εἰδέναι τινί 3.277; <b class="b3">φ. ποιέεσθαί τινι</b> [[deal]] with one in [[friendly]] [[fashion]], do one a [[pleasure]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.152, 5.37.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[fond of]] a thing, [[attached to]], ἄλλων νόμων Arist.''Fr.''543; δειλίας φίλον [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 604d.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Adv. [[φίλως]], once in Hom., <b class="b3">φίλως χ' ὁρόῳτε</b> ye would [[fain]] see it, Il.4.347, cf. Hes. ''Sc.''45, A.''Ag.''247(lyr.), [1591], etc.; [[φίλως ἐμοί]] = [[in a manner dear to me]] or [[in a manner pleasing to me]], ib. 1581.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[in a friendly spirit]], [[in a kindly spirit]], τήνδε τὴν πόλιν φ. εἰπών S.''OC''758; φίλως δέχεσθαί τινα X.''HG''4.8.5, cf. Pl.''Epin.'' 988c.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[φίλος]] has several forms of comparison:<br><span class="bld">1</span> Comp. [[φιλίων]] [λῐ], ον, gen. ονος, Od.19.351, 24.268: Sup. [[φίλιστος]], η, ον, interpol. in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''842.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Comp. [[φίλτερος]], Sup. [[φίλτατος]], v. sub voce.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Comp. [[φιλαίτερος]] X.''An.''1.9.29, Call.''Del.''58: Sup. [[φιλαίτατος]] X.''HG''7.3.8, Theoc.7.98.<br><span class="bld">4</span> regul. Comp. [[φιλώτερος]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.18 codd., Call.''Fr.''146.<br><span class="bld">5</span> also as Comp., [[μᾶλλον]] φίλος A.''Ch.''219, S.''Ph.''886; φίλος μᾶλλον [[Theophrastus]] ''CP''6.1.4; Sup., [[μάλιστα]] φίλος [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.1.17.