ποινή: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[ransom]], [[fine]], [[penalty]], [[vengeance]] ( ep. poet. II.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ποιν-ηλατέω</b> [[to pursue with vengeance]] (on the fomation s. [[ἐλαύνω]]), <b class="b3">νή-ποινος</b> [[unpunished]], [[unavenged]] (Od.); on [[ἄποινα]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποι[ν]ίον</b> n. = [[ποινή]] (Delph. IVa; like <b class="b3">πεδ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">χωρ-ίον</b> a.o.); 2. the adj. <b class="b3">ποίν-ιμος</b> [[avenging]] (S.; like [[νόμιμος]], [[αἴσιμος]], Arbenz 77), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[punishing]], [[avenging]] (late); 3. the verbs a. <b class="b3">ποιν-άομαι</b> [[to avenge oneself]] (E.) with <b class="b3">-άτωρ</b> (A., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 22f.), <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> (Nonn.), <b class="b3">-ητήρ</b> (Opp.) [[avenger]]; f. <b class="b3">-ῆτις</b> [[avengeress]] (AP); b. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> in aor. <b class="b3">-ίξασθαι</b> [[to exact a penalty]] (Arc. VIa). Also 4. <b class="b3">ποι-νώματα τιμωρήματα</b> H.; after [[μίσθωμα]], [[κεφάλωμα]], [[μηχάνωμα]] etc. (cf. Chantraine Form. 187; change to <b class="b3">-ήματα</b> not necessary).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [637] [[kʷoina]] [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Av. [[kaēnā]] f. [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]; here also the semantically deviating Lith. <b class="b2">káina</b> f. [[price]], [[utility]] and Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">cěna</b> f. [[τιμή]]', Russ. <b class="b2">cěná</b> f. [[price]], [[worth]] (oxytone as [[ποινή]]; Schwyzer 380); all from IE <b class="b2">*kʷoinā</b>; on the difference in meaning cf. [[τιμή]] beside [[ποινή]] and Heubeck Gymnasium 56, 252 ff.; also Luther Weltansicht u. Geistesleben 64 f. -- Old <b class="b2">nā-</b>formation (Porzig Satzinhalte 345 f.) of a verb [[requite]], [[mend]] in [[τίνω]] etc.; s. v. Cf. also Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">káina</b> and Vasmer s. <b class="b2">cěná</b> with further forms and rich lit. Lat. LW [loanword] [[poena]] (from where NHG [[Pein]] etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v., also w. lit. and with rejection of other poposals.