πικρός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[sharp]], [[peaky]], [[piercing]], [[bitter]], [[painful]] (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 78 a. 273).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πικρό-χολος</b> [[full of bitter gall]] (Hp.), <b class="b3">γλυκύ-πικρος</b> [[sweet-bitter]] (Sapph.; Risch IF 59, 32).<br />Derivatives: 1. Abstract: <b class="b3">πικρ-ότης</b> f. [[sharpness]], [[bitterness etc.]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (D., Arist., hell.). 2. plantname: <b class="b3">πικρ-άς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Arist., Thphr., Ps.-Dsc.); Strömberg Pfl.namen 63; <b class="b3">-άς</b> f. also [[sour bottom]] (pap. IIIa); <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> as adj. [[somewhat bitter]] (Ath.). 3. verbs: a. <b class="b3">πικρ-αίνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-αίνω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b> a.o., [[to become bitter]], [[to embitter; to make bitter]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> (<b class="b3">παρα-</b>πικρός) m. [[embitterment]] (LXX, Ep. Hebr.), <b class="b3">-αντικῶς</b> adv. [[in an embittering way]] (S.E.); b. <b class="b3">πικρ-όομαι</b>, almost only with <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist., Thphr.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. (Gal.); back formation [[ἔκπικρος]] [[very bitter]] (Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 73); c. <b class="b3">πικρ-άζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-άζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> (S. E.). 4. substantivising [[πίκρα]] f. name of an antidote (Alex. Trall.). 5. PN [[Πρίκων]] m. (Eretria, Tanagra) with metathesis as in NGr. [[πρικός]] (Kretschmer Glotta 6, 304; diff. Bechtel KZ 45, 155).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [794] <b class="b2">*piḱ-ro-</b> [[motley]], [[painted]]<br />Etymology: With a Slav. word for [[motley]], e.g. ORuss. CSlav. [[pьstrъ]] formally identical: IE <b class="b2">*piḱros</b>, from a verb [[sting]], [[cut]], [[embroider]], [[paint]] in Sk. <b class="b2">piṃśáti</b> (nasalpres.) [[carve]], [[cut to measure]], [[ornament]], Slav., e.g. OCS [[pьsati]] [[write]]; further cognates s. [[ποικίλος]]. -- With [[πικρός]] also some Indo-Iran. words have been identified: Pashto <b class="b2">p(u)šǝī</b> f. [[kind of rhubarb]], [[Rheum emodi]] (Morgenstierne Sarūpa-Bhāratī [Hoshiarpur 1954] 1; ), Skt. <b class="b2">śilpá-</b> [[motley]] (inverted from <b class="b2">*piślá-</b>; Tedesco Lang. 23, 383ff [?]). After Machek Zeitschr. f. Slawistik 1, 36 here also Slav. [[prikrь]] [[disgusting]], [[sour]], [[sharp]]; against this Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">príkryj</b>.