δῆμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[δᾶμος]] (cf. infr. IV), ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[district]], [[country]], [[land]], Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δῆμον ἔχοντες Il.5.710; Λυκίης ἐν [[πίων|πίονι]] δήμῳ = in the [[rich]] [[soil]] of [[Lycia]] 16.437, cf. Od.13.322, etc.; Ἰθάκης ἐνὶ δῆμος 1.103; δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων 13.266; λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον 16.95: metaph., [[δῆμος ὀνείρων]] = the [[land of dreams]], 24.12.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[people]], [[inhabitants]] of such a district, πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ Il.3.50, cf. ''h.Cer.''271; Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δῆμος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''732.<br><span class="bld">II</span> hence (since the [[common people]] lived in the [[country]], the chiefs in the [[city]]), [[the commons]], [[common people]], [[δήμου ἀνήρ]], opp. [[βασιλεύς]], [[ἔξοχος ἀνήρ]], etc., Il.2.198,188, cf. 11.328, Hes.''Op.''261, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.66, ''Act.Ap.''12.22, etc. (rarely of a single person, [[δῆμον ἐόντα]] = [[being a commoner]], Il.12.213); opp. [[οἱ εὐδαίμονες]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.196; opp. [[οἱ παχέες]], Id.5.30; opp. [[οἱ δυνατοί]], Th.5.4; οἱ… ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος Id.8.73; = Lat. [[plebs]], D.H.6.88, etc.; [[τοῦ πολλοῦ δῆμου εἷς]] = [[one of the people]], [[unus de plebe]], Luc. ''Sat.''2; τοῦ δῆμος ὤν Id.''Gall.''22; in an [[army]], [[rank and file]], opp. [[officer]]s, [[ὁ δῆμος τῶν στρατιωτῶν]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.1.14.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., δῆμος ἰχθύων Antiph. 206.7; δῆμος τυράννων Philostr.''VS''1.15.1; δῆμος πιθήκων Id.''VA''3.4; [[δῆμος ὀρνέων]] = [[flock]] of [[bird]]s Alciphr.3.30.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in a political sense, [[the sovereign people]], [[the free citizens]], A.''Th.''199,1011, etc.; ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων ''IG''12.10.37, etc.; [[προστάτης]] τοῦ δήμου Th.6.35, etc.; personified, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''42, al.; ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δήμου καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων ''IG''22.1028.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[popular government]], [[democracy]], opp. [[ὀλιγαρχίη]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.82; opp. [[οἱ τύραννοι]], And.1.106; [[πολίτεομα]] εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δῆμον ''SIG''283.4 (iv B. C.); δήμου [[κατάλυσις]] X.''HG''2.3.28, Arist. ''Ath.''8.4; ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία = such [[work]] [[undo]]es a people, not its [[comedy]], Philippid.25.7; [[δῆμον καταστῆσαι]], [[δῆμον καταπαύειν]], X.''HG''7.3.3, Th.1.107: in plural, [[democracies]], Id.3.82, D.20.15; δῆμος ὁ [[ἔσχατος]] Arist.''Pol.''1277b3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> the [[popular assembly]], [[λέγειν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ]] = [[speak in the popular assembly]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 565b; [[ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δῆμος]] = the [[council|Council]] and the [[assembly|Assembly]], formula in Inscrr., as ''IG''12.39, etc.; of the [[assembly]] of Oxyrhynchus, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''41.19 (iii/iv A. D.), 1407.19 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[township]], [[commune]] (= Dor. [[κώμη]] acc. to Arist.''Po.''1448a37; but διελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους Isoc.7.46, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''746d, and v. infr.), in Attica, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.69, Arist.''Ath.''21.5, Str.9.1.16, ''IG''12.76.9, al.; elsewhere, ib.12(5).594 (Ceos), ''Phib.''1.28.13 (iii A. D.), ''OGI''49.14 (Ptolemais), etc.:—Dor. [[δᾶμος]], ''Michel''418.34 (Calymna), ''IG''12(1).58.23 (Lindos): in indications of origin, [[Σωφάνης]] ἐκ δήμου [[Δεκελεῆθεν]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.73; δήμου Ἁλαιεύς Antiph.211; τῶν δήμων [[Πιτθεύς]] Pl.''Euthphr.''2b; τῶν δήμων [[Θορίκιος]] D.39.30, cf. Arist.''Ath.''21.4; ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δήμου  ''IG''22.223B4: metaph., οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δῆμοι Philostr. ''Gym.'' 44.<br><span class="bld">V</span> name for a [[prostitute]], Archil.184.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[faction]] in the [[circus]], ''Tab.Defix.Aud.''15.8 (Syria, iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κατανάγκη]], Ps.-Dsc.4.131. (Perh. cognate with Skt. dā́ti '[[reap]]', [[δαίομαι]], [[δατέομαι]].)