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νεῦρον: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">sinew, tendon</b>, once in Hom., in pl., of the <b class="b2">tendons</b> at the feet, περὶ δ' ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη <span class="bibl">Il.16.316</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span> 11</span>, etc.; τὰ ν. οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἀνίεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>; <b class="b3">ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται</b>] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>82c</span>; <b class="b3">σάρκες καὶ ν</b>. ibid.; σύγκειταί μου τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>515a27</span>, al.: used adjectivally, ib.<span class="bibl">540a18</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> ν. ἔναιμον <b class="b2">vein</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Liqu.</span>2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ruf. <span class="title">Onom.</span>208</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> metaph., in pl., <b class="b2">nerves, sinews</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ ν. τῆς τραγῳδίας</b>, of the lyric odes, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>; ὑποτέτμηται τὰ ν. τῶν πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.166</span>; ἕως ἐκτέμῃ ὥσπερ ν. ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκτ. τὰ ν. [οἴνου</b>] Plu.2.692c; also <b class="b3">πόλις ἥτις μὴ νεῦρ' ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας</b> ἔχει <span class="bibl">D.19.283</span>: less freq. in sg., τὸ ν. ὑποκόπτοντες τῆς δυνάμεως <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span> 5.1.4</span>; χρήματα ν. πολέμου <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>4.99</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">cord made of sinew</b>, e. g. bowstring, <span class="bibl">Il.4.122</span>; string fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, ib.<span class="bibl">151</span>; also δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>544</span>; <b class="b2">cord of a sling</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.11.112</span>; <b class="b2">bowstring</b>, <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> = [[νευρά]] <span class="bibl">3</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.4.56.3</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Mith.</span>107</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">string</b> of a lyre, <span class="title">AP</span>9.584.9, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMar.</span>1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> in pl., <b class="b2">fibres</b> of plants, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span> 280c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">nerves</b>, as organs of sensation, first in Erasistr. ap. Gal.5.602; <b class="b3">ν. πρακτικά, αἰσθητικά</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>211</span>; <b class="b3">ν. κινητικά, προαιρετικά</b>, Gal.2.613, 739; ν. ἀκουστικόν <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.71</span>, cf. Gal.2.831, <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">penis</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.173.19</span>, Gal.8.442. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">snā´van-</b>, Avest. <b class="b2">snāvar[schwa]</b>, 'sinew', 'bond'.)</span> | |Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">sinew, tendon</b>, once in Hom., in pl., of the <b class="b2">tendons</b> at the feet, περὶ δ' ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη <span class="bibl">Il.16.316</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span> 11</span>, etc.; τὰ ν. οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἀνίεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>; <b class="b3">ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται</b>] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>82c</span>; <b class="b3">σάρκες καὶ ν</b>. ibid.; σύγκειταί μου τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>515a27</span>, al.: used adjectivally, ib.<span class="bibl">540a18</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> ν. ἔναιμον <b class="b2">vein</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Liqu.</span>2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ruf. <span class="title">Onom.</span>208</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> metaph., in pl., <b class="b2">nerves, sinews</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ ν. τῆς τραγῳδίας</b>, of the lyric odes, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>; ὑποτέτμηται τὰ ν. τῶν πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.166</span>; ἕως ἐκτέμῃ ὥσπερ ν. ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411b</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκτ. τὰ ν. [οἴνου</b>] Plu.2.692c; also <b class="b3">πόλις ἥτις μὴ νεῦρ' ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας</b> ἔχει <span class="bibl">D.19.283</span>: less freq. in sg., τὸ ν. ὑποκόπτοντες τῆς δυνάμεως <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span> 5.1.4</span>; χρήματα ν. πολέμου <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>4.99</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">cord made of sinew</b>, e. g. bowstring, <span class="bibl">Il.4.122</span>; string fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, ib.<span class="bibl">151</span>; also δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>544</span>; <b class="b2">cord of a sling</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.11.112</span>; <b class="b2">bowstring</b>, <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> = [[νευρά]] <span class="bibl">3</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.4.56.3</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Mith.</span>107</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">string</b> of a lyre, <span class="title">AP</span>9.584.9, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMar.</span>1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> in pl., <b class="b2">fibres</b> of plants, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span> 280c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">nerves</b>, as organs of sensation, first in Erasistr. ap. Gal.5.602; <b class="b3">ν. πρακτικά, αἰσθητικά</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>211</span>; <b class="b3">ν. κινητικά, προαιρετικά</b>, Gal.2.613, 739; ν. ἀκουστικόν <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.71</span>, cf. Gal.2.831, <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">penis</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.173.19</span>, Gal.8.442. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">snā´van-</b>, Avest. <b class="b2">snāvar[schwa]</b>, 'sinew', 'bond'.)</span> | ||
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|lstext='''νεῦρον''': τό, (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.)· Ι. τὸ «[[νεῦρον]]», ἡ λευκὴ καὶ στιλπνὴ [[ἄκρα]] τοῦ μυός, δι’ ἧς [[οὗτος]] προσκολλᾶται εἰς τὸ [[ὀστοῦν]], ἐπί τε ζῴων καὶ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων (παρὰ τοῖς [[μετέπειτα]] συγγραφεῦσι [[τένων]], [[τόνος]], καὶ παρὰ τοῖς μεταγεν. Ἰατρ. [[ἀπονεύρωσις]])· ἐπὶ τῆς σημασίας ταύτης παρ’ Ὁμήρῳ μόνον [[ἅπαξ]], ἐν τῷ πληθ., ἐπὶ τῶν τενόντων τῶν ποδῶν, περὶ δ’ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ [[νεῦρα]] διεσχίσθη Ἰλ. Π. 316· [[συχνάκις]] παρ’ Ἱππ. καὶ Ἀττ.: τὰ [[νεῦρα]] οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἐφίεσθαι [τὰ ὀστᾶ] Πλάτ. Φαίδων 98D· ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται] ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Τιμ. 82C· σάρκες καὶ ν. [[αὐτόθι]]· ξύγκειταί μοι τὸ [[σῶμα]] ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Φαίδωνι 98C· [[συχνάκις]] παρ’ Ἀριστ.· (π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 5. 2, 9 κεῖται ἐπιθετικῶς, ἀλλ’ [[ἴσως]] ἡ ἀληθὴς γραφὴ [[εἶναι]] νεύρινον, ὅμοιον πρὸς [[νεῦρον]]): ― [[ὡσαύτως]], [[νεῦρον]] ἔναιμον, [[φλέψ]], Ἱππ. 425. 48. 2) μεταφορ. ἐν τῷ πληθ., «[[νεῦρα]]», [[ῥώμη]], [[ἰσχύς]], [[δύναμις]], [[δραστηριότης]], τὰ [[νεῦρα]] τῆς τραγῳδίας, ἐπὶ τῶν λυρικῶν ᾠδῶν, Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 862· ὑποτέτμηται τὰ [[νεῦρα]] τῶν πραγμάτων Αἰσχίν. 77. 27· [[οὕτως]], ἐκτέμνειν [[ὥσπερ]] τὰ [[νεῦρα]] ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς Πλάτ. Πολ. 411B· ἐκτέμνειν τὰ [[νεῦρα]] [οἴνου] Πλούτ. 2. 692C· πρβλ. [[ἐκνευρίζω]]· [[ὡσαύτως]], [[νεῦρα]] ἔχειν Δημ. 432. 10· πρβλ. ἴς. ΙΙ. χορδὴ ἢ [[σχοινίον]] ἐκ νεύρων κατεσκευασμένον, νεῦρόν τε καὶ ὄγκους, «[[νεῦρον]] μὲν ἐν ᾧ δέδεται τὸ [[σίδηρον]] τοῦ βέλους πρὸς τὸν κάλαμον, ὄγκους δὲ τὰς ἀκίδας καὶ ἐξοχὰς τοῦ βέλους» (Σχόλ.), Ἰλ. Δ. 151· οὕτω, δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοὸς Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 542· ἡ χορδὴ σφενδόνης, Ξεν. Ἀν. 3. 4, 17, πρβλ. Κόϊντ. Σμ. 11. 112· ― [[ὡσαύτως]], ἡ χορδὴ τόξου, ὡς τὸ [[νευρά]], γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ [[νεῦρα]] βόεια, πιάσας [[ὁμοῦ]] τὰς παρὰ τοῖς πτεροῖς ἐντομὰς τοῦ βέλους καὶ τὴν νευράν, Ἰλ. Δ. 122, Πολύβ. 4. 56, 3, Ἀππ. Μιθρ. 107, Νόνν., κλ.· ― ἡ χορδὴ λύρας, Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 584, Λουκ. Ἐνάλ. Διάλ. 1. 4. ΙΙΙ. ἐπὶ τῶν ἰνῶν τῶν φυτῶν, Πλάτ. Πολιτικ. 280C. IV. ἐπὶ τῶν νεύρων, [[ἤτοι]] τῶν ὀργάνων τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἐκπορευομένων ἐκ τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου, ἡ [[χρῆσις]] οὐχὶ πρὸ τῶν χρόνων τοῦ Γαληνοῦ. V. ὡς τὸ Λατ. nervus = penis, τὸ [[πέος]], [[τρίγλη]] οὐκ ἐθέλει νεύρων περιήρανος [[εἶναι]], παρθένου γὰρ Ἀρτέμιδος ἔφυ καὶ στύματα μισεῖ Πλάτ. Κωμικ. ἐν «Φάωνι» 1. 20. (Πρὸς τὰς λ. νευρά, νεῦρον, πρβλ. Λατ. ner-vus, nerv-iae (ἐξ ἐντέρων χορδαί), nerv-osus· ― ἀλλ’ ἡ [[ῥίζα]] φαίνεται ἦτο snar, πρβλ. Ἀρχ. Γερμ. snar-a, snar-ahha, snu-or (snare), καὶ πιθαν. Σανσκρ. snâ-yus, snâ-sâ (tendo, nervus), Ζενδ. śna (tendo)). | |||
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