clades: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>clādes</b>: is (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.: cladum, Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. kindr. [[with]] Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. [[κλάω]]>, to [[break]], [[break]] in pieces; cf.: per - [[cello]], [[clava]], [[gladius]].<br /><b>I</b> Prop., a breaking, [[beating]], [[dashing]] to pieces; [[hence]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., [[destruction]], [[devastation]], [[injury]], [[mischief]], [[harm]], [[misfortune]], [[disaster]], [[loss]], [[detriment]], [[calamity]] (cf.: [[calamitas]], [[pernicies]]; [[class]]. and freq.): [[clades]] calamitasque, [[intemperies]] [[modo]] in nostram advenit domum, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3: haec [[igitur]] [[subito]] [[clades]] nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut [[fruges]] persidit in ipsas, Lucr. 6, 1125: [[dare]] [[late]] cladem magnasque ruinas, id. 5, 347: [[etsi]] cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna [[clades]] civitatis, Cic. Brut. 97, 332: [[atque]] haec vetusta... Luctifica [[clades]] nostro infixa est corpori, id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25: et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae [[volnus]] judicastis, id. Sest. 13, 31: cum [[tibi]] ad pristinas cladis [[accessio]] fuisset Aetoliae [[repentinus]] [[interitus]], id. Pis. 37, 91: [[quod]] si [[primo]] [[proelio]] [[Catilina]] [[superior]] discessisset, [[profecto]] magna [[clades]] [[atque]] [[calamitas]] rem publicam oppressisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: captae urbis Romanae [[clades]], Liv. 5, 21, 16: publica, Tac. A. 14, 64: tum [[urbs]] tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna [[pars]]... abrupta cladem eam [[insuper]] ruinā pressit, Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191: [[plus]] populationibus [[quam]] proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. [[infra]]), Liv. 8, 2, 8: quidve [[superbia]] [[spurcitia]] ac [[petulantia]]? Quantas Efficiunt [[clades]]! Lucr. 5, 48: aliam [[quamvis]] cladem inportare pericli, id. 5, 369: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, Liv. 22, 4, 1: colonias belli clade premi, Curt. 9, 7, 22: colonias omni clade vastare, id. 4, 1, 10: majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132: per [[sex]] [[dies]] septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est, of the [[burning]] of [[Rome]], Suet. Ner. 38: quo tantae cladis [[pretio]], i. e. the [[burning]] of the [[Capitol]], Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57: [[recens]], the [[destruction]] of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.: Lugdunensis, the [[burning]] of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.: si [[denique]] [[Italia]] a dilectu, [[urbs]] ab armis, [[sine]] Milonis clade [[numquam]] esset conquietura, [[without]] ruining [[Milo]], Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos [[clades]] vulgatae sunt, the losses of [[particular]] families at [[Cannae]], Liv. 22, 56, 4.—Poet.: cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris, Ov. M. 9, 176: Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna [[tristi]] clade iterabitur, Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[war]] or [[battle]], a [[disaster]], [[defeat]], [[overthrow]], [[discomfiture]], [[massacre]]: ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent, Sall. J. 59, 3: exercitatior [[hostis]] magnā clade eos castigavit, Liv. 39, 1, 4: iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos, Verg. A. 12, 556: quodsi... supervenisset, [[ingens]] [[clades]] accipi potuit, Curt. 4, 12, 15; so freq.: accipere cladem, to be defeated, [[beaten]], Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17; 22, 51, 11: [[apud]] Chaeroneam [[accepta]], Quint. 9, 2, 62: classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam [[populo]] Romano cladem attulit, Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7: [[postquam]] is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana [[acies]], Liv. 25, 19, 16: omnibus pacis [[modo]] incurrisse agentibus magna [[clades]] inlata, id. 29, 3, 8: non [[vulnus]] [[super]] [[vulnus]] sed [[multiplex]] [[clades]], id. 22, 54, 9: [[paene]] exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4: tantā [[mole]] cladis obrui, Liv. 22, 54, 10: terrestri [[simul]] navalique clade obruebantur, Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: [[clades]] [[illa]] pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5: binaque [[castra]] clade unā deleta, Liv. 30, 6, 6: exercituum, Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch: [[quis]] cladem illius noctis fando Explicet, Verg. A. 2, 362: Germanica, Tac. H. 4, 12: Variana, id. A. 1, 57: Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, [[nota]] publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur, id. H. 1, 50. —Poet.: ut barbarorum [[Claudius]] agmina ... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, [[sine]] clade [[victor]] (i.e. of his [[own]] men), Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[plague]]: inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit [[clades]], Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.: [[sue]] [[abstinent]] [[merito]] cladis, quā ipsos [[scabies]] [[quondam]] turpaverat, cui id [[animal]] obnoxium, Tac. H. 5, 4 [[Heraeus]] ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[loss]] of a [[limb]]: [[Mucius]], cui [[postea]] Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs [[cognomen]] inditum, Liv. 2, 13, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Of persons [[who]] [[bring]] [[destruction]], etc., a [[destroyer]], [[scourge]], [[pest]]: geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, Verg. A. 6, 843: haec [[clades]], of [[Heliogabalus]], Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: [[illa]], of [[immodest]] women as a [[class]], id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of [[dissolute]] [[morals]], [[corruption]]: fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata [[clades]] In patriam populumque fluxit, Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.