rex: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>rex</b>: rēgis (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur regerum, Gell. ap. [[Charis]] p. 40 P.), m. [[rego]], a [[ruler]] of a [[country]], a [[king]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit.: [[omnis]] res publica, quae ut dixi populi res est, consilio quodam regenda est, ut diuturna [[sit]]. Id [[autem]] [[consilium]] aut uni tribuendum est aut delectis quibusdam, etc. Cum [[penes]] unum est omnium [[summa]] rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et [[regnum]] ejus rei publicae statum, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43; 1, 42, 65: [[simulatque]] se inflexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, [[fit]] [[continuo]] [[tyrannus]], id. ib. 2, 26, 49: rex Albai Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4: regum [[sapientia]], id. ib. 2, 6, 11: rex [[Ancus]], id. ib. 2, 3, 5: Anco regi, id. ib. 2, 20, 35: regem deligere, id. ib. 2, 12, 24: creare, id. ib. 2, 17, 31: constituere, id. ib. 2, 18, 33; 20: reges, nam in terris [[nomen]] imperi id [[primum]] fuit, Sall. C. 2, 1: regibus boni [[quam]] mali suspectiores sunt, id. ib. 7, 2: monumenta regis, Hor. C. 1, 2, 15: reges in ipsos [[imperium]] est Jovis, id. ib. 3, 1, 6: urbem Romanam a [[principio]] reges habuere, Tac. A. 1, 1: [[post]] reges exactos, Liv. 2, 8.— A [[very]] [[odious]] [[name]] in the [[time]] of the Republic, i. q. [[tyrant]], [[despot]]: [[pulso]] Tarquinio [[nomen]] regis audire non poterat ([[populus]] Romanus), Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 53; cf.: hoc [[nomen]] (sc. tyranni) [[Graeci]] regis injusti esse voluerunt: nostri [[quidem]] omnes reges vocitaverunt, qui soli in populos perpetuam potestatem haberent. Itaque et [[Spurius]] [[Cassius]] et M. [[Manlius]] et [[Spurius]] [[Maelius]] [[regnum]] occupare voluisse dicti sunt, et [[modo]] (Ti. [[Gracchus]]), id. ib. 2, 27, 50 Mos.: rex populi Romani, i. e. Cæsar, id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1, 1: [[decem]] reges aerarii, id. Agr. 2, 6, 14; v. also [[regnum]], [[regno]], and [[dominus]], [[with]] tetrarcha, id. Mil. 28, 76; Hor. S. 1, 3, 12; Sall. C. 20, 7; v. Fabri ad h. l.— In [[ancient]] [[Rome]] the [[king]] had also [[priestly]] dignities and duties; [[hence]], [[after]] the kings were [[expelled]], the [[name]] rex ([[like]] [[βασιλεύς]]>) continued to be given in relig. lang. to the [[priest]] [[who]] performed these duties; [[hence]], rex [[sacrificulus]], [[sacrificus]], sacrorum; v. [[sacrificulus]]; and rex Nemorensis, i. e. [[priest]] of [[Diana]] Aricina, Suet. Calig. 35.— *<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poet., as adj., [[ruling]], [[that]] rules or sways: populum [[late]] regem belloque superbum, Verg. A. 1, 21.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; κατ ἐξοχήν,> acc. to the Gr. [[βασιλεύς]],> the [[king]] of [[Persia]], Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 65; id. Eun. 3, 1, 7 and 11; Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Them. 3, 2; 4, 3; id. Paus. 1, 2 al.; cf of the [[king]] of the [[Parthi]]: regum rex (the Gr. βασιλευς βασιλέων), Suet. Calig. 5; Amm. 17, 5, 3. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of Jupiter, as [[king]] of gods and men: quem (sc. Jovem) unum omnium deorum et hominum regem esse omnes doctrinā expoliti consentiunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56; cf. of the [[same]]: summi deum regis, Naev. Bell. Pun. 3, 2; and: divom [[pater]] [[atque]] hominum rex, Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10 2, 743 ([[with]] this cf.: o qui res hominumque deumque Aeternis regis imperiis, id. ib. 1, 229): Olympi [[magnus]] rex, id. ib. 5, 533; Hor. C. 4, 4, 2; id. Epod. 16, 56.—Sometimes also of [[other]] deities, as rulers of the realms assigned to [[them]]: aquarum, i. e. [[Neptune]], Ov. M. 10, 606; so, [[aequoreus]], id. ib. 8, 603: umbrarum, i.e. [[Pluto]], id. ib. 7, 249; so, silentum, id. ib. 5, 356: rex [[infernus]], Verg. A. 6, 106: tertiae [[sortis]], Sen. Herc. Fur. 833: [[Stygius]], Verg. A. 6, 252: antiqui poli, mundique prioris, i.e. [[Saturn]], Mart. 12, 62.—Of Æolus, Verg. A. 1, 52 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., [[head]], [[chief]], [[leader]], [[master]], etc. ([[mostly]] [[poet]].); of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 544; 575; 6, 55; 7, 220; of lions, Phaedr. 4, 13, 4; of the [[bull]], as [[leader]] of the [[herd]], Stat. Th. 5, 333; 11, 28; of the [[queen]]-[[bee]], Verg. G. 4, 106; of the [[eagle]], Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 203; of the [[Eridanus]], as the [[first]] [[river]] of [[Italy]], Verg. G. 1, 482; of Phanæan [[wine]], id. ib. 2, 98 et saep.; also, of the [[master]] of a [[feast]], [[like]] the Greek [[βασιλεύς]]>: mensae, Macr. S. 2, 1; so absol. (sc. convivii), Prud. Cath. 9, 30 (cf. [[regnum]] and [[dominus]]); of a [[governor]], [[preceptor]] of [[youth]]: actae pueritiae, Hor. C. 1, 36, 8; of the [[leader]], [[king]] in children's games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59: rex [[inter]] ludentes [[delectus]], Just. 1, 5, 1; of the [[protector]], [[patron]] of parasites, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 73; id. Capt. 1, 1, 24; id. Stich. 3, 2, 2; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 24: [[coram]] rege suā de paupertate tacentes, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 43; Mart. 2, 18, 5; Juv. 1, 136 et saep.; of the [[son]] of a [[king]] or [[chieftain]], a [[prince]], Verg. A. 9, 223; Val. Fl. 1, 174, Stat. Achill. 1, 156; Flor. 4, 9, 7 Duk. (cf. [[regulus]] and [[regina]]); of a [[powerful]], [[rich]], or [[fortunate]] [[person]], Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 58: [[sive]] reges Sive inopes, Hor. C. 2, 14, 11; 2, 18, 34: regibus hic mos est, id. S. 1, 2, 86; 2, 2, 45; id. A. P. 434. — Reges [[sometimes]] signifies the [[king]] and [[queen]], Liv. 1, 39 init., 27, 4; [[sometimes]] the [[whole]] [[royal]] [[family]], id. 2, 2, 11; 2, 3, 5; 45, 43, 9.—Poet., rex [[sometimes]] denotes the [[character]], sentiments, or feelings of a [[king]]: rex patrem (i.e. paternum animum) vicit, Ov. M. 12, 30: in rege [[pater]] est, id. ib. 13, 187.