vicis: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>vĭcis</b>: (as a<br /><b>I</b> gen.; the nom. does not [[occur]]), vicem, [[vice]]; in plur., [[vices]] (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. cf. Gr. [[εἴκω]]>, to [[yield]]; [[root]] ϝικ->; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135, [[change]], [[interchange]], [[alternation]], alternate or [[reciprocal]] [[succession]], [[vicissitude]] (the gen. not [[ante]]-Aug.; the [[other]] cases [[class]].).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; for [[which]], in [[class]]. [[prose]], [[vicissitudo]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: [[ignotus]] juvenum [[coetus]] alternā [[vice]] Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.): hac [[vice]] sermonum, [[conversation]], Verg. A. 6, 535: [[vice]] sermonis, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. β: [[deus]] haec [[fortasse]] benigna Reducet in sedem [[vice]], Hor. Epod. 13, 8: solvitur acris [[hiems]] grata [[vice]] veris et Favoni, id. C. 1, 4, 1: commoti Patres [[vice]] fortunarum humanarum, Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the [[exchange]], i. e. alternales [[with]] [[day]], Ov. M. 4, 218: [[ridica]] contingens vitem mutuā [[vice]] sustinetur et sustinet, Col. 4, 16: versā [[vice]], [[reversely]], Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: [[plerumque]] gratae divitibus [[vices]] Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae, Hor. C. 3, 29, 13: et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae [[vices]], Quint. 9, 2, 14: loquendi, id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35: ipsius lectionis [[taedium]] vicibus levatur, Quint. 1, 12, 4: habet has [[vices]] [[condicio]] mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur, Plin. [[Pan]]. 5 fin.: [[spatium]] diei noctis excipiunt [[vices]], Phaedr. 2, 8, 10: haec [[quoque]] non perstant ... Quasque [[vices]] peragant ... docebo, [[what]] vicissitudes [[they]] [[undergo]], Ov. M. 15, 238: mutat [[terra]] [[vices]], renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3: perque [[vicis]] [[modo]] [[Persephone]]! [[modo]] Filia! clamat, [[alternately]], Ov. F. 4, 483; so, per [[vicis]], id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23: per [[vices]] annorum, i. e. [[every]] [[other]] [[year]], id. 12, 14, 30, § 54: [[cur]] vicibus factis convivia ineant, [[alternately]], by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one [[word]], invĭcem; and [[less]] freq. vicem, in [[vices]], or per [[vices]]), by turns, [[alternately]], one [[after]] the [[other]], [[mutually]], reciprocally.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In vicem: bibenda [[aqua]]: [[postero]] [[die]] [[etiam]] [[vinum]]: [[deinde]] in vicem alternis diebus [[modo]] [[aqua]] [[modo]] [[vinum]], Cels. 3, 2 med.: reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se [[atque]] alios alunt: hi [[rursus]] in vicem [[anno]] [[post]] in armis sunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 1: [[propter]] vicinitatem [[simul]] eramus [[invicem]], Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168: multis [[invicem]] casibus victi victoresque, Liv. 2, 44, 12: non comisantium in vicem [[more]] jam diu vivimus [[inter]] nos, id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: in vicem [[inter]] se gratantes, id. 9, 43, 17: inque vicem tua me, te mea [[forma]] capit, Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Vicem: ut [[unus]] fasces haberet, et hoc [[insigne]] regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret, Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In [[vices]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): inque [[vices]] illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari, Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Per [[vices]] ([[post]]-Aug. and [[very]] [[rare]]): [[quod]] ipsum imperari per [[vices]] optimum est, Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[time]], [[turn]] ([[late]] Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13): [[ager]] tertiā [[vice]] arabitur, Pall. 10, 1: [[tribus]] per diem vicibus, id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.: tesserulas in [[medium]] [[vice]] suā [[quisque]] jaciebamus, Gell. 18, 13, 1: [[vice]] quādam, [[once]], Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. [[Pan]]. Grat. Aug. 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reciprocal behavior or [[conduct]], i. e. [[return]], [[requital]], [[reciprocal]] [[service]], [[recompense]], [[remuneration]], [[retaliation]] ([[rare]] [[but]] [[class]].): [[recito]] praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis, Cic. Sest. 4, 10: tanto proclivius est injuriae [[quam]] beneficio vicem exsolvere, Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10: redde vicem meritis, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23: non poteris ipsa referre vicem, id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.: dejecit [[acer]] [[plus]] [[vice]] simplici (i. e. non tantam [[solum]] cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.), Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.—Plur.: spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde [[vices]], Ov. M. 14, 36: [[neque]] est [[ullus]] [[affectus]] ... qui [[magis]] [[vices]] exigat, Plin. [[Pan]]. 85, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The changes of [[fate]], [[fate]], [[hap]], [[lot]], [[condition]], [[fortune]], [[misfortune]]: mihi uni [[necesse]] erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere? Cic. Dom. 4, 8: indignando et [[ipse]] vicem ejus, Liv. 40, 23, 1: [[tacite]] gementes tristem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.: vicem suam [[conquestus]] est, Suet. Aug. 66: convertere humanam vicem, Hor. Epod. 5, 88: publicā [[vice]] commoveri, Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.—Plur.: [[fors]] et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum, Hor. C. 1, 28, 32: [[testor]] in occasu vestro nec [[tela]] nec ullas Vitavisse [[vices]] Danaūm, dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., the [[position]], [[place]], [[room]], [[stead]], [[post]], [[office]], [[duty]] of one [[person]] or [[thing]] as [[assumed]] by [[another]] (the [[usual]] signif. of the [[word]]): heredum [[causa]] justissima est: nulla est [[enim]] [[persona]], quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, [[propius]] accedat, Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48: ego succedens in vicem imperii tui, Liv. 38, 48, 7: [[ipse]] in locum vicemque consulis provolat, id. 3, 18, 9: [[postquam]] ([[Juppiter]]) te dedit, qui [[erga]] omne humanum [[genus]] [[vice]] suā fungereris, [[stand]] in the [[place]] of, [[represent]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 80, 6: fungar [[vice]] cotis, Hor. A. P. 304: per speciem alienae fungendae [[vicis]] [[opes]] suas firmavit, Liv. 1, 41, 6: ne sacra regiae [[vicis]] desererentur, id. 1, 20, 2: vestramque meamque vicem explete, Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.: cujus ... ego vicem [[debeo]] inplere, Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6: (Manus) adverbiorum [[atque]] pronominum obtinent vicem, Quint. 11, 3, 87: in ordine [[vicis]] suae, Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.—Plur.: non ad suum pertinere [[officium]] rati, [[quando]] divisae professionum [[vices]] essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adverb.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Vicem, [[with]] the gen. or a pers. pron., in the [[place]] of, [[instead]] of, on [[account]] of, for, for the [[sake]] of: eri vicem meamque, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11: qui [[hodie]] [[sese]] excruciari meam vicem possit pati, id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24: vos respondetote [[istinc]] istarum vicem, id. Rud. 3, 5, 34: tuam vicem [[saepe]] [[doleo]], Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3: suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse, Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc [[tibi]], ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6: [[sollicito]] consuli ... eorum vicem quos, etc., id. 44, 3, 5: rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum [[periculum]] miserat, Curt. 7, 11, 20: [[maestus]] non suam vicem, sed [[propter]], etc., id. 7, 2, 5: cum [[Pompeius]] aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus [[gradus]] vicem theatri essent, [[Tiro]] Tull. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7: [[quoniam]] res [[familiaris]] obsidis vicem esse [[apud]] rempublicam videbatur, Gell. 16, 10, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes in a [[more]] [[general]] [[sense]], [[after]] the [[manner]] of, [[like]]: Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Vice, [[instead]] of, for, on [[account]] of: in [[pane]] salis [[vice]] utuntur nitro, Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115: temonis [[vice]] trahitur, Col. 6, 2, 7: murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae [[vice]] bitumine interstrato, Just. 1, 2, 7: exanimes [[vice]] unius, Liv. 1, 25, 6: [[senatus]] [[vice]] populi, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In a [[more]] [[general]] [[sense]] (cf. the preced. numbers), [[after]] the [[manner]] of, [[like]]: jactari se passa fluctu algae [[vice]], Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147: moveri periclitantium [[vice]] possumus, Quint. 6, 2, 35: diebus ac noctibus [[vice]] mundi circumagi, Suet. Ner. 31: quaeque dixerat, oracli [[vice]] accipiens, Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.: ut deorum [[vice]] mortuos honorarent, [[like]] gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.: [[vice]] navium, App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22: [[vice]] pecudum occidi, Lact. 5, 10, 6: [[vice]] imbellium proculcati, Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In vicem, [[instead]] of, for, in [[place]] of: potest [[malleolus]] [[protinus]] in vicem viviradicis conseri, Col. 3, 14, 3: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 85: in omnium vicem regni unius [[insatiabilis]] [[amor]] Successit, Liv. 40, 8, 18: missis in vicem eorum [[quinque]] milibus sociorum, id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Ad vicem, [[instead]] of, for: ad tegularum et imbricum vicem, Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159: ad vicem solis [[cinis]] [[calidus]] subjectus, Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28; [[very]] [[rarely]], ad [[invicem]], Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In a [[more]] [[general]] [[sense]] (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), [[after]] the [[manner]] of, [[like]]: majores [[natu]] a majoribus colebantur ad deum [[prope]] ad parentum vicem, Gell. 2, 15, 1.