View source for ἀποθνῄσκω

{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=ἀποθνῄσκω
|Medium diacritics=ἀποθνήσκω
|Low diacritics=αποθνήσκω
|Capitals=ΑΠΟΘΝΗΣΚΩ
|Transliteration A=apothnḗskō
|Transliteration B=apothnēskō
|Transliteration C=apothnisko
|Beta Code=a)poqnh/skw
|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">-θᾰνοῦμαι</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-θανέομαι</b> or <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> -εῦμαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.143</span>, <span class="bibl">7.134</span>:—strengthd. for <b class="b3">θνῄσκω</b>, <b class="b2">die</b>, Hom. (v. infr.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.27</span>, and once in Trag. (<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>578.6</span>); in Com. and Prose the usual form of the pres.; σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος <span class="bibl">Il.22.432</span>; ἀποθνῄσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ <span class="bibl">Od.11.424</span>; βόες δ' ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη <span class="bibl">12.393</span>; ἐκ τῶν τρωμάτων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>: c. dat., <b class="b3">βρόμῳ κεραυνοῦ</b> Pi.l.c.; νόσῳ <span class="bibl">Th.8.84</span>: c. acc. cogn., θάνατον ἀ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.8.3</span>, etc.; εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span> 365d</span>; <b class="b2">to be ready to die</b>, of laughter, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>15</span>; ἀ. τῷ δέει <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">MM</span>1191a35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> serving as Pass. of <b class="b3">ἀποκτείνω</b>, <b class="b2">to be put to death, slain</b>, ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.137</span>, <span class="bibl">7.154</span>; esp. by judicial sentence, ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Lycurg.93</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>29d</span>, <span class="bibl">32d</span>,al., <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1397a30</span> (v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">renounce</b>, νόμῳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>2.19</span>; ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Col.</span>2.20</span>.</span>
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{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0303.png Seite 303]] (s. [[θνήσκω]]), absterben, sterben, von Hom. an, Il. 22, 432 Od. 11, 424. 12, 393. 21, 38, überall; in Prosa, bes. im fut. u. aor., häufiger als das simplex.; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ u. λιμῷ, Plat. Conv. 191 a Men. 91 e; ἐκ τῶν τραυμάτων Her. 2, 63; bes. oft getödtet werden, ὑπὸ τοῦ παιδός 1, 137; bes. im Kriege, Plat. Menex. 234 b; ὑπό τινος Epist. I, 309 e u. sonst; zum Tode verurtheilt u. hingerichtet werden, Apel. 29 e u. öfter; Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 12 Hell. 2, 3, 12 u. öfter; οἱ ἀποτεθνεῶτες, die Todten; – [[ἀποθανετέον]], man muß sterben, Arist. eth. Nic. 3, 1.
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{{ls
|lstext='''ἀποθνήσκω''': (ῂ): μέλλ. -θᾰνοῦμαι, Ἰων. -θανέομαι ή -εῦμαι, Ἡρόδ. 3. 143., 7. 134: - ἐπιτεταμ. ἀντὶ τοῦ [[θνήσκω]], Ὅμ., Πινδ. Ο 2. 45, καὶ [[ἅπαξ]] παρὰ Τραγ. (Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 582. 6)· ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖς κωμ. καὶ πεζοῖς [[εἶναι]] ὁ [[συνήθης]] [[τύπος]] τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος (ἴδε [[θνήσκω]])· σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος Ἰλ. Χ. 432· ἀποθνήσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ Ὀδ. Λ. 424· βόες δ’ [[ἀποτέθνασαν]] ἤδη Μ. 393· ὑπὸ λιμοῦ, Θουκ. 1. 126· [[μετὰ]] δοτ., νόσῳ ὁ αὐτ. 8. 84· [[μετὰ]] συστοίχ. αἰτ., θάνατον ἀπ. Ξεν. Ἀπομ 4.8, 3. κτλ.· εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀπ. Πλάτ. Ἀξ. 365D: ― ἐπὶ γέλωτος, ὡς καὶ νῦν, «σκοτώνομαι», [[ἀποθνήσκω]] ἀπὸ τὰ «γέλοια» ὡς τὸ [[ἐκθνήσκω]] (ὃ ἴδε), Ἀριστοφ. Ἀχ. 15· ἀποθνήσκουσι τῷ δέει Ἀριστ. Ἠθικ. Μεγάλ. 1. 20, 13. ΙΙ. ὡς παθητ. τοῦ [[ἀποκτείνω]], φονεύομαι, ἀποθν. ὑπό τινος Ἡρόδ. 1. 137., 7. 154: [[κυρίως]] ἀπὶ καταδικασθέντος, ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Λυκοῦργ. 159. 29, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Ἀπολ. 29C, 32D, κ. ἀλλ., Ἀριστ Ρητ. 2. 23, 2.
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{{Autenrieth
|auten=perf. [[part]]. [[ἀποτεθνηώς]], plup. [[ἀποτέθνασαν]]: [[die]]; perf., be [[dead]].
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{{bailly
|btext=<i>f.</i> ἀποθανοῦμαι, <i>réc.</i> ἀποθνῄξω, <i>ao.2</i> [[ἀπέθανον]], <i>pf.</i> ἀποτέθνηκα;<br />mourir ; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ, νόσῳ THC de faim, de maladie ; [[ὑπό]] τινος de la main de qqn ; στρατηγοῦ θάνατον ἀποθνῄσκειν PLUT mourir d’une mort de général.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἀπό]], [[θνῄσκω]].
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{{DGE
|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [fut. -θανοῦμαι, jón. -θανέεται Hdt.4.190, inf. -θανέεσθαι Hdt.3.143; aor. ind. ἀπέθανον]<br /><b class="num">I</b> [[morir]] en sent. real, abs. σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος <i>Il</i>.22.432, βόες δ' ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη <i>Od</i>.12.393, (ψυχή) ἀποθνήσκει καὶ ἡ νόησις ἐπιλείπει Diog.Apoll.B 4, [[ἄκριτος]] ἀποθανεῖν morir sin ser juzgado</i> Isoc.17.42, ἀποθανεῖν στρατευόμενον Is.6.13, ὁ τοίνυν θάνατος τοῖς μὲν ἀποθανοῦσι κακόν, τοῖς δ' ἐνταφιοπώλαις καὶ τυμβοποιοῖς ἀγαθόν la muerte en verdad es mala cosa para los que mueren, pero buena para vendedores de tumbas y marmolistas</i>, <i>Dialex</i>.1.3, ἀνθρώπους ... ἀποθανόντας Heraclit.B 27, cf. Callin.1.5, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.50b, Hdt.3.143, <i>Anacreont</i>.35.9, E.<i>Fr</i>.578.6, Democr.B 1, Gorg.B 6, Is.2.14, Lys.6.14, 12.25, 13.92, Pl.<i>Ap</i>.29d, <i>SB</i> 10075, 9920.2.16.7 (IV a.C.), Theoc.3.27, Nic.Dam.127, LXX 4<i>Ma</i>.9.6, Plu.2.30c, τρίς Isoc.12.214, δίς Lys.12.37, X.<i>Oec</i>.21.12, πολλάκις Pl.<i>Lg</i>.869b<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. compl. de causa, bien en dat., bien c. giro preposicional περὶ φασγάνῳ <i>Od</i>.11.424, ἐκ τῶν τρωμάτων Hdt.2.63, cf. Isoc.18.52, ἀπὸ ... τῆς πλευρίτιδος Hp.<i>Morb</i>.1.32, ὑπὸ τοῦ λιμοῦ Th.1.126, cf. Isoc.11.36, βρόμῳ κεραυνοῦ Pi.<i>O</i>.2.25, νόσῳ Th.8.84, τοιούτῳ θανάτῳ Hp.<i>Art</i>.64, cf. Sol.<i>Lg</i>.13, λιμῷ Pl.<i>Grg</i>.464e<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. otras determinaciones πρὸ τῆς Σπάρτης ἀ. morir por Esparta</i> Hdt.7.134, ὑπὲρ τῆσδε τῆς γῆς Is.5.46, ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς LXX 4<i>Ma</i>.1.8, περὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Isoc.12.186, ἧς [[ἕνεκα]] Isoc.10.48, ἀποθάνωμεν ἐν ἀνδρείᾳ χάριν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἡμῶν muramos con valor por nuestros hermanos</i> LXX 1<i>Ma</i>.9.10, διὰ τὸν θεόν LXX 4<i>Ma</i>.16.25, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἀ. morir por el Señor</i>, <i>Ep.Rom</i>.14.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. ac. int. ποῖος ἂν εἴη θάνατος καλλίων ἢ ὃν κάλλιστά τις ἀποθάνοι; X.<i>Mem</i>.4.8.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. compl. de lugar, fig. ὥσπερ εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀποθανούμενος Pl.<i>Ax</i>.365d<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. compl. de tiempo πολὺν χρόνον Democr.B 160<br /><b class="num">•</b>de partes del cuerpo ἀποθανεῖν τὰ νεῦρα καὶ τὰς σάρκας καὶ τὰς ἀρτηρίας καὶ τὰς φλέβας Hp.<i>Art</i>.69, ἔμβρυον Hp.<i>Mul</i>.1.78 (p.186.4)<br /><b class="num">•</b>de animales οἱ αἰέλουροι Hdt.2.66, 67<br /><b class="num">•</b>de plantas ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ <i>Eu.Io</i>.12.24, cf. 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.15.36, δένδρα <i>Ep.Iud</i>.12.<br /><b class="num">II</b> [[morir]], [[ser matado]] c. compl. agente, usado como pas. de [[ἀποκτείνω]]: τὸν ... τοκέα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἑωυτοῦ παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.1.137, cf. 7.154, Th.1.9, Plu.2.68b, c. sentencia judicial ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Lycurg.93, cf. διὰ ταῦτα Pl.<i>Ap</i>.32d.<br /><b class="num">III</b> usos figurados<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[morir de risa]] τῆτες δ' ἀπέθανον καὶ διεστράφην ἰδών pero este año me morí de risa y me quedé bizco</i> Ar.<i>Ach</i>.15<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[morir de miedo]] ἔνιοι ... ἀποθνῄσκουσιν τῷ δέει Arist.<i>MM</i> 1191<sup>a</sup>35, cf. ἀποθνήσκομεν (<i>sic</i>) ὅτι οὐ βλέπομέν σε καθ' ἡμέραν <i>PGiss</i>.17.9.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[morir poco a poco]] καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν Ath.552b, cf. καθ' ἡμέραν del morir continuo que es la vida cristiana como reflejo de la pasión de Jesucristo, 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.15.31.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[morir para la vida eterna]] οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ [[ἄρτος]] ... ἵνα τις ἐξ [[αὐτοῦ]] φάγῃ καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ <i>Eu.Io</i>.6.49, cf. <i>Ep.Rom</i>.7.9, 8.13, ἀπέθανε δὲ ταῖς ἐντολαῖς pero ha muerto según los mandamientos</i> Clem.Al.<i>Strom</i>.2.23.147.<br /><b class="num">4</b> c. dat. [[morir a]], [[renunciar a]] τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ <i>Ep.Rom</i>.6.2, Clem.Al.<i>Strom</i>.4.6.27, διὰ νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον por la ley yo he muerto a la ley</i>, <i>Ep.Gal</i>.2.19, c. giro preposicional ἀ. ... ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου morir (renunciando) a los elementos fundamentales del mundo</i>, <i>Ep.Col</i>.2.20, μαραίνειν τὰ πάθη καὶ ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀπ' αὐτῶν dejar marchitar las pasiones y morir (renunciando) a ellas</i> Porph.<i>Abst</i>.1.41, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα Herm.<i>Sim</i>.9.18.2<br /><b class="num">•</b>abs. [[morir]] del «hombre viejo», e.d. [[renunciar al pecado]], <i>Ep.Rom</i>.6.8, del morir a la vida pagana por el bautismo ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ἀπεθνῄσκετε καὶ ἐγεννᾶσθε en el mismo momento moristeis y nacisteis</i> Cyr.H.<i>Catech</i>.20.4.
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{{Abbott
|astxt=[[ἀποθνῄσκω]], [in LXX [[chiefly]] for מוּת;] <br />to [[die]]: of [[natural]] [[death]], Mk 5:35, al.; of [[violent]] [[death]] ([[pass]]. of [[ἀποκτείνω]]), esp. of Christ, Mt 26:35, Jo 12:33, He 10:28, al.; of [[spiritual]] [[death]], Jo 6:50, Ro 8:13, al.; c. dat. ref., Ro 6:2, 10 14:7, 8, Ga 2:19; acc., ὅ, Ro 6:10; seq. ἐν, Mt 8:32, Jo 8:21, 24 I Co 15:22, He 11:37, Re 14:13; seq. [[ὑπέρ]], [[περί]], Jo 11:50, 51 18:14, Ro 5:6-8 14:15, I Co 15:3, II Co 5:15, I Th 5:10, I Pe 3:18; [[ἀπό]], Col 2:20; ἐκ, Re 8:11; [[fig]]., I Co 15:31 (cf. συν-αποθνήσκω, and V. Milligan, NTD, 258f.; DCG, i, 791b; Cremer, 286; MM, s.v.; on the perfective [[force]] of [[this]] [[verb]], M, Pr., 112, 114; and on the [[distinction]] [[bet]]. pres. and aor., ib. 113 f.).
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{{Thayer
|txtha=[[imperfect]] ἀπέθνῃσκον ([[ἀπέθανον]]; [[future]] ἀποθανοῦμαι, [[θνῄσκω]]); [[found]] in Greek writings from [[Homer]] [[down]]; to [[die]] ([[ἀπό]], so as to be no [[more]]; (cf. Latin emorior; English [[die]] [[off]] or [[out]], [[pass]] [[away]]); German absterben, versterben); I. used [[properly]]<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of the [[natural]] [[death]] of men: ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἀποθνῄσκοντες [[subject]] to [[death]], [[mortal]], Buttmann, 206 (178)).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of the [[violent]] [[death]] — [[both]] of animals, L T Tr WH [[text]]; ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας, ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τίνος, to [[perish]] by [[means]] of [[something]], (cf. English to [[die]] of), ἐν τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]], ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις, [[fixed]] in [[sin]], [[hence]], to [[die]] unreformed, ἐν τῷ [[Ἀδάμ]] by [[connection]] [[with]] Adam, ἐν κυρίῳ in fellowship [[with]], and trusting in, the Lord, ἀποθνῄσκειν τί, to [[die]] a [[certain]] [[death]], θάνατον [[μακρόν]], Chariton, p. 12, D'Orville edition (l. i. c. 8, p. 17,6, Beck edition; cf. Winer s Grammar, 227 (213); Buttmann, 149 (130))); τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]], used of Christ, '[[that]] he [[might]] [[not]] [[have]] to [[busy]] [[himself]] [[more]] [[with]] the [[sin]] of men,' ἑαυτῷ to [[become]] [[one]]'s [[own]] [[master]], [[independent]], by [[dying]], τῷ κυρίῳ to [[become]] [[subject]] to the Lord's [[will]] by [[dying]], [[διά]] τινα i. e. to [[save]] [[one]], ἀποθνῄσκειν [[περί]] and [[ὑπέρ]] τίνος, [[see]] [[περί]], the [[passage]] cited δ. and [[ὑπέρ]] I:2,3. Oratorically, [[although]] the [[proper]] [[signification]] of the [[verb]] is retained, καθ' ἡμέραν [[ἀποθνῄσκω]] I [[meet]] [[death]] [[daily]], [[live]] [[daily]] in [[danger]] of [[death]], II. tropically, in [[various]] senses;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[eternal]] [[death]], as it is called, i. e. to be [[subject]] to [[eternal]] [[misery]], and [[that]], [[too]], [[already]] [[beginning]] on [[earth]]: Winer s Grammar, 210 (197); 428 (398); Buttmann, 178 (155)), to [[become]] [[wholly]] alienated from a [[thing]], and freed from [[all]] [[connection]] [[with]] it: τῷ νόμῳ, ἀποθανόντες (for so we [[must]] [[read]] for elz ἀποθανόντος) in Winer's Grammar, 159 (150)); τῇ [[ἁμαρτία]], [[ἀπό]] [[τῶν]] στοιχείων [[τοῦ]] κόσμου so [[that]] [[your]] [[relation]] to etc. has passed [[away]], [[ἀπό]] [[τῶν]] παθῶν, Porphyry, de abst. [[animal]]. 1,41 (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277); Winer's Grammar, 370 (347))); true Christians are said [[simply]] ἀποθανεῖν, as having [[put]] [[off]] [[all]] [[sensibility]] to [[worldly]] things [[that]] [[draw]] [[them]] [[away]] from God, ἀποθανεῖν [[σύν]] Χριστῷ, [[συναποθνῄσκω]].) 
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{{lsm
|lsmtext='''ἀποθνῄσκω:''' μέλ. <i>-θᾰνοῦμαι</i>, Ιων. <i>-θανέομαι</i> ή <i>-εῦμαι</i>· αόρ. βʹ <i>-έθᾰνον</i>, παρακ. -[[τέθνηκα]], Επικ. μτχ. -[[τεθνηώς]]· επιτετ. του [[θνήσκω]]·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[πεθαίνω]], [[ξεψυχώ]], σε Όμηρ., Αττ.· είμαι [[έτοιμος]] να πεθάνω ή να σκάσω από τα γέλια, σε Αριστοφ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> ως Παθ. του [[ἀποκτείνω]], φονεύομαι, δολοφονούμαι, [[ὑπό]] τινος, σε Ηρόδ., Πλάτ.
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