View source for γναθμός

{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=γναθμός
|Medium diacritics=γναθμός
|Low diacritics=γναθμός
|Capitals=ΓΝΑΘΜΟΣ
|Transliteration A=gnathmós
|Transliteration B=gnathmos
|Transliteration C=gnathmos
|Beta Code=gnaqmo/s
|Definition=ὁ, [[jaw]], poet. form of sq., <span class="bibl">Il.17.617</span>, al.: also in plural, <span class="bibl">Od. 18.29</span>; γναθμοῖς ἀδήλοις φαρμάκων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1201</span>; for <b class="b3">ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν</b>, v. [[ἀλλότριος]]; also <b class="b3">γναθμόν· τομώτατον καὶ αἱρετικώτατον</b>, Hsch.
}}
{{DGE
|dgtxt=-οῦ, ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[mandíbula]] τὸν βάλ' ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος <i>Il</i>.13.671, παραστὰς γναθμὸν δεξιτερόν <i>Il</i>.16.405, en plu. γναθμοὶ δὲ τάνυσθεν <i>Od</i>.16.175, πάντας ὀδόντας γναθμῶν ἐξελάσαιμι <i>Od</i>.18.29<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. οἱ δ' ἤδη γναθμοῖσι γελώων ἀλλοτρίοισιν reían ya con mandíbulas ajenas, e.e. con risa forzada</i>, <i>Od</i>.20.347.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[el mandíbulas]] n. dado por los pescadores al esturión, Euthydemus <i>SHell</i>.455.
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{{bailly
|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br />mâchoire (<i>poét. c.</i> [[γνάθος]]).
}}
{{elnl
|elnltext=[[γναθμός]] -οῦ, ὁ poët. voor [[γνάθος]], kaak.
}}
{{elru
|elrutext='''γναθμός:''' ὁ Hom., Eur. = [[γνάθος]] 1.
}}
{{etym
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[jaw]] (Hom.)<br />Other forms: [[γνάθος]] m. (Hp.). Note [[γναμφαί]] H. (acc. to LSJ, but not in Latte)<br />Derivatives: PN of a parasite [[Γνάθων]], with [[Γναθώνειος]], [[Γναθωνίδης]], [[Γναθωνάριον]] (Plu.). Denom. [[γναθόω]] [[hit the jaw]] (Phryn. Com.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: [[γναθμός]] from [[γνάθος]] after [[λαιμός]], [[βρεχμός]], [[ὀφθαλμός]]. - Always compared with Lith. <b class="b2">žándas</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, Latv. [[zuôds]] [[chin]], [[sharp side]]; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following [[d]] (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂dʰ-</b> would have given <b class="b3">*γναθος</b>, <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂edʰ-</b> <b class="b3">*γαναθος</b>; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can <b class="b3">-να-</b> be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with [[γένυς]] is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian <b class="b3">κάναδοι σιαγόνες</b>, [[γνάθοι]] H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for <b class="b3">*κναδοι</b>? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with [[κνώδων]], [[κνώδαλον]].
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=<br />the jaw, poet. [[form]] of [[γνάθος]], Hom.; also in plural, Od.: metaph., γναθμοὶ φαρμάκων the [[gnawing]] of [[poison]], Eur.; for ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι, v. [[ἀλλότριος]].
}}
{{Autenrieth
|auten=[[jaw]], [[cheek]]; [[for]] Od. 20.347, see [[ἀλλότριος]].
}}
{{grml
|mltxt=[[γναθμός]], ο (Α)<br />[[σαγόνι]].<br />[<b><span style="color: brown;">ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.</span></b> Πρόκειται για παράλληλο τ. του [[γνάθος]] και απαντά στην [[ποίηση]]. Ανάγεται σε IE <i>gon∂dh</i>- <span style="color: red;"><</span> <i>ĝenu</i>- «[[πιγούνι]]» <span style="color: red;">+</span> [[επίθημα]] -<i>μος</i>, πιθ. αναλογικά [[προς]] τα [[λαιμός]], [[βρεχμός]], [[οφθαλμός]]].
}}
{{lsm
|lsmtext='''γναθμός:''' ὁ, [[σαγόνι]], ποιητ. [[τύπος]] του [[γνάθος]], σε Όμηρ.· επίσης στον πληθ., σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· μεταφ., <i>γναθμοὶ φαρμάκων</i>, το «[[δάγκωμα]]» του δηλητηρίου, σε Ευρ.· για το <i>ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν</i>, βλ. [[ἀλλότριος]].
}}
{{ls
|lstext='''γναθμός''': ὁ, ἡ [[σιαγών]]· ποιητ. [[τύπος]] τοῦ γνάθος, Ὅμ.· [[ὡσαύτως]] κατὰ πληθ., Ὀδ. Σ. 29· γναθμοῖς ἀδήλοις φαρμάκων Εὐρ. Μηδ. 1201· περὶ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖσι γελᾶν, ἴδε ἐν λ. [[ἀλλότριος]].
}}
{{FriskDe
|ftr='''γναθμός''': {gnathmós}<br />'''Forms''': [[γνάθος]] m. (ion. att.)<br />'''Grammar''': m. (Hom., E.),<br />'''Meaning''': [[Kinnbacken]], [[Backen]].<br />'''Derivative''': Davon der Parasitenname Γνάθων mit [[Γναθώνειος]], [[Γναθωνίδης]] und Γναθωνάριον (Plu., Luk., Longus). Denominatives Verb [[γναθόω]] [[an den Backen schlagen]] (Phryn. Kom.).<br />'''Etymology''': [[γναθμός]] ist eine Umbildung von [[γνάθος]] nach den bedeutungsverwandten [[λαιμός]], [[βρεχμός]], [[ὀφθαλμός]] u. a. — Zu [[γνάθος]] stimmt bis auf den Ablaut lit. ''žándas'' [[Kinnbacken]], lett. ''zuôds'' [[Kinn]], [[scharfe Kante]]; die lit. Akzentuierung verrät eine zweisilbige Wurzel, die in [[γνάθος]] in reduzierter Form vorliegt. Weitere Beziehung zu [[γένυς]] ist glaubhaft. Auch [[κάναδοι]]· σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. wird von Hoffmann Makedonen 52 als makedonisch herangezogen; es kann aber ebensogut zu [[κνώδων]], [[κνώδαλον]] gehören, s. Specht KZ 59, 113 A. 1, v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 13 A. 1 (S. 14). — Spechts Analyse von [[γνάθος]] (Ursprung 87 und 254) bedeutet keinen Fortschritt.<br />'''Page''' 1,316
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{{trml
|trtx=Abkhaz: ацламҳәа; Afrikaans: kaak; Albanian: nofull; Amharic: መንጋጋ, አገጭ; Apache Western Apache: biyedaa'; Arabic: فَكّ‎; Hijazi Arabic: فَكّ‎; Armenian: ծնոտ; Old Armenian: ծնօտ; Aromanian: falcã, ciolj; Ashkun: ālikarīk; Asturian: calláxina; Azerbaijani: çənə; Bashkir: яңаҡ; Belarusian: скі́віца, чэлюсць; Bengali: চোয়াল; Bulgarian: челюст; Burmese: ပါးချိတ်ရိုး, မေး, ပါးသွယ်; Catalan: mandíbula, maixella; Cebuano: apapangig, alungaing; Chinese Mandarin: 顎, 颚, 下顎, 下颚, 頜, 颌; Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲛϫϥ; Czech: čelist; Danish: kæbe; Dutch: [[kaak]]; Ese: sanoa; Esperanto: makzelo; Estonian: lõug, lõualuu; Faroese: kjálkabein, høka; Finnish: leukaluu, leuka; French: [[mâchoire]]; Friulian: massele, mašele; Galician: caixal, queixada, marmelo; Georgian: ყბა; German: [[Kiefer]], [[Unterkiefer]], [[Oberkiefer]], [[Kinnbacke]]; Greek: [[σαγόνι]]; Ancient Greek: [[σιαγών]]; Guaraní: tañykã; Haitian Creole: machwè; Hawaiian: ā; Hebrew: לֶסֶת‎; Hindi: जबड़ा; Hungarian: állkapocs; Icelandic: kjálki; Ido: mashelo; Indonesian: rahang; Irish: giall; Italian: [[mascella]], [[ganascia]], [[mandibola]]; Japanese: 顎; Javanese: uwang; Kamkata-vari: āřkali, āakali; Kazakh: жақ; Khmer: ឆ្អឹងថ្គាម, ថ្គាម; Korean: 턱; Kyrgyz: жаак; Lao: ຄາງ, ຄາງກະໄຕ, ຫະນຸ; Latgalian: žūklis; Latin: [[maxilla]]; Latvian: žoklis; Lithuanian: žandikaulis; Macedonian: вилица, челуст; Malay: rahang; Maltese: xedaq; Middle English: cheke; Mongolian: эрүү; Navajo: ayaatsʼiin; Norman: mâchouaithe; Norwegian: kjeve; Occitan: maissa, mandibula, cais; Ojibwe: indaamikan; Old Javanese: wĕhaṅ; Ossetian: ӕфсӕр; Ottoman Turkish: چكه‎, فك‎, اڭك‎, زنخدان‎; Pashto: زامه‎; Persian: فک‎, آرواره‎, منه‎; Plautdietsch: Kjeew; Polish: żuchwa, szczęka, czeluść; Portuguese: [[mandíbula]]; Prasuni: āgeli; Romanian: mandibulă, mandibule, falcă, maxilar; Russian: [[челюсть]]; Sardinian: massidda, mansidda, massidha, mansidha; Scottish Gaelic: giall; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: вилица, чељуст; Roman: vilica, čeljust; Sicilian: mascidda; Slovak: čeľusť; Slovene: čeljust; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: crjono; Spanish: [[quijada]], [[mandíbula]]; Swedish: käke; Tagalog: panga; Tajik: ҷоғ; Taos: ȍdénemą; Thai: คาง, ขากรรไกร; Turkish: çene; Turkmen: eňek, äň; Ukrainian: щелепа; Urdu: جبڑا‎; Uyghur: جاغ‎; Uzbek: jag'; Venetian: maseła, masela; Vietnamese: hàm, quai hàm, xương hàm; Volapük: maxül, donamaxül, löpamaxül; Waigali: alikir; West Frisian: kaak, kake, tsjeak; Yakut: сыҥаах; Zhuang: hwk
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