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|lshtext=<b>castrum</b>: i, n. [[kindred]] [[with]] [[casa]], q. v..<br /><b>I</b> In sing., [[any]] [[fortified]] [[place]]; a [[castle]], [[fort]], [[fortress]] ([[more]] [[rare]] [[than]] [[castellum]]): ei [[Grunium]] dederat in Phrygiā [[castrum]], etc., Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp., nom. propr.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castrum Inui, or [[simply]] Castrum, an [[ancient]] [[city]] of the [[Rutuli]], [[near]] [[Ardea]], Verg. A. 6, 775; called Castrum, Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castrum [[Novum]], a [[city]] on the seacoast of [[Etruria]], Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Another Castrum [[Novum]], on the [[sea]]-[[coast]] of [[Picenum]], [[now]] Giulia Nova, Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castrum Truentinum, a [[maritime]] [[city]] of [[Picenum]], on the [[river]] Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1; also called [[Truentum]], Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castrum Vergium, a [[fortress]] of the [[Bergistani]] in Hispania Tarraconensis, [[now]] Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far [[more]] freq.,<br /><b>II</b> In plur.: [[castra]], ōrum, n. ([[castra]], ae, f.: [[castra]] haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., [[several]] soldiers' tents [[situated]] [[together]]; [[hence]], a [[military]] [[camp]], an [[encampment]]; [[among]] the Romans a [[square]] (quadrata); [[later]], [[after]] the [[manner]] of the Greeks, [[sometimes]] [[circular]], or adjusted to its [[situation]], Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It [[was]] surrounded by a [[trench]] ([[fossa]]) and a [[wall]] ([[vallum]]), and had [[four]] gates: Porta Praetoria, the [[front]], [[chief]] [[gate]], on the opp. [[side]] from the [[enemy]], from [[which]] the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in [[later]] times Porta Quaestoria), the [[back]] [[gate]]; Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, [[situated]] on the [[two]] sides of the [[camp]], Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With adj.: stativa, [[occupied]] for a [[long]] [[time]], [[permanent]], Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21: [[aestiva]], [[summer]] [[camp]], id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1: [[hiberna]], Liv. 29, 35, 13 ([[more]] freq. absol. [[aestiva]] and [[hiberna]], q. v.): navalia, an [[encampment]] on the [[shore]] for [[protecting]] the [[fleet]] and the [[troops]] [[while]] [[landing]]; [[sometimes]] [[connected]] [[with]] the ships [[drawn]] to [[land]], Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13; called also nautica, Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, [[crescent]]-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals: una, Tac. A. 4, 2: bina, Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3: quina, Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[verb]]: locum castris antecapere, Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.: capere locum castris, Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15; and montes castris capere, Tac. A. 12, 55: [[castra]] metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.: facere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.: ponere, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.: ponere et munire, Sall. J. 75, 7: munire, Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1: communire, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3: [[castra]] castris conferre, id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9: castris se [[tenere]], Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8: [[castra]] movere, to [[break]] up, to [[decamp]], id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. [[with]] to [[march]] [[forth]] from a [[camp]], id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48: movere [[retro]], Liv. 2, 58, 3: removere, id. 9, 24, 4: proferre, Caes. B. C. 1, 81: castris [[castra]] inferre, Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or [[simply]] Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of [[Rome]], Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Castrorum [[filius]], a [[surname]] of Caligula, [[who]] [[was]] brought up in the [[camp]], Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum [[mater]], an [[appellation]] of [[Faustina]], the [[wife]] of the [[emperor]] [[Marcus]] [[Aurelius]], [[because]] she accompanied him in an [[expedition]] [[against]] the [[Quadi]], [[Capitol]]. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence [[both]] appell. in [[later]] inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp. as nom. propr., [[like]] [[castrum]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra Corneliana or [[Cornelia]], on the [[north]] [[coast]] of [[Africa]], [[near]] [[Utica]], so called [[because]] the [[elder]] [[Scipio]] [[Africanus]] [[first]] pitched his [[camp]] [[there]], [[after]] his [[landing]] in [[Africa]], in the [[second]] Punic [[war]], Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra Caecilia, in [[Lusitania]], Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra Hannibalis, a [[seaport]] [[town]] in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra Pyrrhi, a [[place]] in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra [[Vetera]] or [[Vetera]], a [[place]] on the Lower [[Rhine]], [[now]] Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Castra Alexandri, a [[district]] in [[Egypt]], Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> [[Meton]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Since, in [[military]] expeditions, a [[camp]] [[was]] pitched [[each]] [[evening]], in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a [[day]]'s [[march]]: secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad [[Dium]], Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.: alteris castris, Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.— So tertiis castris, Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71: quartis castris, Liv. 44, 46, 10: quintis castris, Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4: septimis castris, id. 40, 22, 1: decimis castris, id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Military [[service]] ([[hence]], [[often]] opp. [[forum]] and [[toga]]), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39: qui magnum in castris usum habebant, Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of beehives: cerea, Verg. A. 12, 589: in [[apium]] castris, Pall. 1, 37, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[political]] parties, regarded as arrayed in [[hostility]]: si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris, Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of philosophical sects: Epicuri [[castra]], Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1: O [[castra]] praeclara (Epicuri)! id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.
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