View source for censor

{{Woodhouse1
|Text=[[File:woodhouse_121.jpg|thumb
|link=&#123;&#123;filepath:woodhouse_121.jpg&#125;&#125;]]'''subs.'''

<b class="b2">Judge</b>: P. and V. [[κριτής]], ὁ.

<b class="b2">One who punishes</b>: P. [[σωφρονιστής]], ὁ.

<b class="b2">Roman magistrate</b>: P. [[τιμητής]], ὁ (late).

<b class="b2">Of the censor</b>, adj.: P. [[τιμητικός]] (late).
}}
{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>censor</b>: ōris, m. 1. [[censeo]]; cf. also Umbr. censtur; Sanscr. canster, [[leader]], [[governor]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[censor]], a Roman [[magistrate]], of whom [[there]] were [[two]], [[chosen]] orig. [[every]] [[five]], and [[afterwards]] [[every]] one and a [[half]] years, [[who]] at [[first]] [[only]] had the [[charge]] of the Roman [[people]] and [[their]] [[property]], in [[respect]] to [[their]] [[division]] according to [[rank]] or circumstances; [[but]] [[gradually]] came to the [[exercise]] of the [[office]] of [[censor]] of [[morals]] and [[conduct]], and punished the [[moral]] or [[political]] crimes of those of [[higher]] [[rank]] by consigning [[them]] to a [[lower]] [[order]] (senatu movebant, equiti equum adimebant, civem tribu movebant, in aerarios referebant, aerarium faciebant, etc.; cf [[aerarius]], A. b., [[which]] [[punishment]] of the [[censor]], [[whether]] inflicted in [[consequence]] of a judicium turpe, acc. to a [[tribunal]] authorized therefor, or in [[accordance]] [[with]] the [[decision]] of the censors [[themselves]], [[was]] called [[animadversio]] censoria or [[ignominia]] = [[ἀτιμία]]). They also, [[even]] from the [[most]] [[ancient]] times, [[let]] [[out]] the tolls, [[public]] saltworks, the [[building]] and repairing of [[public]] works, the procuring of victims for [[public]] [[sacrifice]], etc.; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 4, 8, 7; Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 446 sq.; Dict. of Antiq., [[art]]. [[censor]].—Also in the Roman colonies and provinces [[there]] were censors, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; and id. ib. 2, 2, 56, § 138 sq.: [[censor]], id. Clu. 14, 41; Liv. 29, 15, 10; 29, 37, 7 (in [[later]] Lat. called [[censitor]], q. v.).—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., a [[rigid]] [[judge]] of [[morals]], a [[censurer]], [[critic]]: [[pertristis]] [[quidam]] [[patruus]], [[censor]], [[magister]], Cic. Cael. 11, 25: [[castigator]] censorque minorum, Hor. A. P. 174: cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110; Ov. P. 4, 12, 25: factorum dictorumque, Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 4: servis [[erilis]] imperii non [[censor]] est, sed [[minister]], id. Exc. Contr. 3, 9, 4: [[Sallustius]] gravissimus alienae luxuriae objurgator et [[censor]], Macr. S. 2, 9, 9.—As fem.: ita [[fides]] prompta dura sui [[censor]] est, Ambros. Ep. 10, 83.
}}
{{Gaffiot
|gf=<b>cēnsŏr</b>,⁹ ōris, m. ([[censeo]]),<br /><b>1</b> censeur : censores ab re (a censu agendo) appellati sunt Liv. 4, 8, 7, on les appela censeurs parce qu’ils étaient chargés du recensement ; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 7<br /><b>2</b> [fig.] censeur, critique : Cic. Cæl. 25 ; Hor. P. 174. arch. cēsor CIL 1, 8 et [[cessor]] [[Varro]] L. 6, 92 &#124;&#124; fém. d. Ambr. Ep. 10, 83.||fém. d. Ambr. Ep. 10, 83.
}}
{{Georges
|georg=cēnsor, ōris, m. (altlat. cēsor, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 31 u. cēssor, Varr. LL. 6, 92; v. 1. [[censeo]]), der [[Zensor]], I) eig., Plur. censores, der urspr. [[auf]] 5, Später [[auf]] 1<sup>1</sup>/<[[sub]]>2</[[sub]]> [[Jahr]] gewählte höchste römische [[Magistrat]] [[von]] [[zwei]] Personen (urspr. [[beide]] [[Patrizier]], [[dann]] [[einer]] [[ein]] [[Plebejer]], zuw. [[auch]] [[beide]]), dem oblag: a) [[Haltung]] [[des]] [[census]] (s. d.), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. – b) das Sittenrichteramt [[oder]] die [[Aufsicht]] [[über]] das [[Benehmen]] der [[Bürger]] im häuslichen u. öffentlichen [[Leben]], Cic. de legg. 3, 7, [[wobei]] die Zensoren den Straffälligen aus [[einer]] ländlichen [[tribus]] in eine städtische (ex [[rustica]] in urbanam) [[versetzen]], ja [[inter]] aerarios od. [[Caerites]] (s. aerārius no. II, B, 1) [[zählen]], insbes. die Senatoren aus dem Senate [[stoßen]], den Rittern das [[Pferd]] [[nehmen]] (= [[sie]] aus dem Ritterstande [[stoßen]]) konnten, s. [[Liv]]. 45, 15, 4 u. 8. – c) die Verpachtungen der dem [[Staat]] gehörigen Grundstücke, Nutzungen und [[Gefälle]], [[Aufsicht]] [[über]] die [[loca]] [[publica]], [[über]] die öffentlichen [[Bauten]] und Anlagen, Verakkordierung [[dieser]], [[sowie]] [[aller]] andern aus dem [[Schatz]] zu bezahlenden Dinge, übh. Hauptrechnung u. [[Übersicht]] [[aller]] in den [[Schatz]] [[oder]] aus demselben gezahlten Gelder ([[während]] die eigentl. bare [[Einnahme]] u. [[Ausgabe]] die Quästoren hatten), Cic. de legg. 3, 7. Vgl. Th. Mommsen Röm. [[Staatsrecht]] 3. Aufl. Bd. 2. S. 331 ff. Kubitschek in Pauly-Wissowa Realenz. III, 1902 ff. – / Auch in den röm. Kolonien gab es Zensoren, Liv. 29, 15, 10. – Die [[Auszeichnung]] der Zensoren bestand [[außer]] der [[sella]] [[curulis]] zu [[Polybius]]' [[Zeit]] in [[einer]] purpurnen [[Toga]]. – II) übtr., [[ein]] strenger Beurteiler, -[[Richter]], -Sittenrichter, -[[Tadler]], scharfer [[Kritiker]], absol., Cic. Cael. 25. Hor. ep. 2, 2, 110. Ov. ex Pont. 4, 12, 25: [[censor]] [[animus]], Arnob. 7, 33: m. Genet., [[castigator]] censorque minorum, Hor. de art. poët. 174: factorum dictorumque c., Sen. de vit. beat. 20, 4 (5): [[servus]] [[erilis]] imperii [[non]] [[censor]] est, [[sed]] [[minister]], Sen. exc. contr. 3, 9, 4: [[Sallustius]] gravissimus alienae luxuriae [[obiurgator]] et [[censor]], Macr. [[sat]]. 2, 9, 9. – / [[als]] fem., [[ita]] [[fides]] prompta dura [[sui]] [[censor]] est, Ambros. ep. 10, 83.
}}