ἐθέλω: Difference between revisions

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|txtha=([[θέλω]]) ([[only]] in [[this]] [[form]] in the N. T.; in Greek authors [[also]] [[ἐθέλω]] (Veitch, [[under]] the [[word]]; Lob. ad Phryn., p. 7; Buttmann, 57 (49))); [[imperfect]] [[ἤθελον]]; ([[future]] 3rd [[person]] [[singular]] θελήσει, WH marginal [[reading]]); 1st aorist ἠθέλησα; ([[derived]] [[apparently]] from [[ἑλεῖν]] [[with]] a [[fuller]] [[aspiration]], so [[that]] it [[means]] [[properly]], to [[seize]] [[with]] the [[mind]]; [[but]] [[Curtius]], p. 726, edition 5, regards its [[root]] as [[uncertain]] (he inclines, [[however]], to the [[view]] of Pott, Fick, Vanicek, and others, [[which]] connects it [[with]] a [[root]] [[meaning]] to [[hold]] to)); the Sept. for אָבָה and חָפֵץ; to [[will]] ([[have]] in [[mind]]) [[intend]]; i. e.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to be resolved or [[determined]], to [[purpose]]: [[absolutely]], ὁ θέλων, [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ θέλοντος if God [[will]], [[ἐάν]] ὁ [[κύριος]] θελήσῃ. (in Attic [[ἐάν]] [[θεός]] θέλῃ, ἦν οἱ Θεοί θέλωσιν (cf. Lob. as [[above]])), [[καθώς]] ἠθέλησε, τί, Isaiah , [[they]] were [[willing]] to [[receive]] him [[into]] the [[ship]], [[but]] [[that]] [[was]] [[unnecessary]], [[because]] [[unexpectedly]] the [[ship]] [[was]] nearing the [[land]]; cf. Lücke, B-Crusius, Ewald (Godet), others at the [[passage]]; Winer s Grammar, § 54,4; (Buttmann, 375 (321))); R G; ); T Tr [[text]] WH [[text]] 1st aorist infinitive); [[with]] an infinitive suggested by the context, οὕς θέλει, [[namely]], ζοωποιησαι); οὐ [[θέλω]] to be [[unwilling]]: [[with]] the aorist infinitive, ), etc.; [[with]] the [[present]] infinitive, [[θέλω]] and οὐ [[θέλω]] followed by the accusative [[with]] an infinitive, οὐ [[θέλω]] [[ὑμᾶς]] ἀγνοεῖν, [[see]] [[ἀγνοέω]], a.; [[corresponding]] to [[θέλω]] [[ὑμᾶς]] [[εἰδέναι]], θέλειν, used of a [[purpose]] or [[resolution]], is contrasted [[with]] the [[carrying]] [[out]] of the [[purpose]] [[into]] [[act]]: opposed to ποιεῖν, πράσσειν, Winer's Grammar, § 61,7b.); to ἐνεργεῖν, θέλειν [[that]] [[which]] he is on the [[point]] of doing: Winer s Grammar, § 42,1b.; Buttmann, 254 (219)): λανθάνει αὐτούς [[τοῦτο]] θέλοντας [[this]] (viz., [[what]] follows, [[ὅτι]] etc.) escapes [[them]] of [[their]] [[own]] [[will]], i. e. [[they]] are [[purposely]], [[wilfully]], [[ignorant]], [[Sophocles]] Lexicon, [[under]] the [[word]], 4)), [[they]] are [[ignorant]] etc.; [[but]] cf. DeWette at the [[passage]] and Winer s Grammar, § 54,4note; (Buttmann, § 150,8 Rem.). τάς ἐπιθυμίας [[τοῦ]] πατρός [[ὑμῶν]] θέλετε ποιεῖν it is [[your]] [[purpose]] to [[fulfil]] the lusts of [[your]] [[father]], i. e. ye are actuated by him of [[your]] [[own]] [[free]] [[knowledge]] and [[choice]], Winer s Grammar, as [[above]]; Buttmann, 375 (321)).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> equivalent to to [[desire]], to [[wish]]: τί, WH in brackets); [[ἤθελον]] I could [[wish]], on [[which]] [[imperfect]] [[see]] [[εὔχομαι]], 2); the infinitive is [[lacking]] and to be supplied from the neighboring [[verb]], οὐ [[θέλω]] to be [[unwilling]] ([[desire]] [[not]]): followed by the aorist infinitive, [[ἵνα]], Winer s Grammar, § 44,8b.; (Buttmann, § 139,46); followed by the [[deliberative]] subjunctive (aorist): θέλεις συλλέξωμεν αὐτά (cf. the German willst du, sollen wir zusammenlesen? (Goodwin § 88)), L brackets adds [[ἵνα]]); Tr brackets θέλεις); Winer s Grammar, § 41a. 4b.; Buttmann, § 139,2); followed by εἰ, εἰ, I:4); followed by ἤ, to [[prefer]], ἤ, 3d.).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> equivalent to to [[love]]; followed by an infinitive, to [[like]] to do a [[thing]], be [[fond]] of doing: Winer s Grammar, § 54,4; (Buttmann, § 150,8).<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in [[imitation]] of the [[Hebrew]] חָפֵץ, to [[take]] [[delight]], [[have]] [[pleasure]] ([[opposite]] by Buttmann, § 150,8 Rem.; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 33, a.; [[but]] [[see]] examples [[below]]): ἐν τίνι, in a [[thing]], ἐν καλῷ, to [[delight]] in [[goodness]], Test xii. Patr., p. 688 ([[test]]. Ash. 1; (cf. [[εἰς]] ζωήν, p. 635, [[test]]. Zeb. 3); ἐν τίνι, the dative of the [[person]], בְּ רָצָה, τινα, to [[love]] [[one]]: μισεῖν, Ignatius ad Romans 8,3 [ET]; θεληθῆναι is used of those [[who]] [[find]] favor, ibid. 8,1). τί, [[βούλομαι]] and [[θέλω]], the [[former]] seems to [[designate]] the [[will]] [[which]] follows [[deliberation]], the [[latter]] the [[will]] [[which]] [[proceeds]] from [[inclination]]. This appears [[not]] [[only]] from Sept. [[express]] the [[idea]] of [[pleasure]], [[delight]], by the [[verb]] θέλειν ([[see]] [[just]] [[above]]). The [[reverse]] of [[this]] [[distinction]] is laid [[down]] by [[Alexander]] Buttmann (1873) Lexil. i., p. 26 (English translation, p. 194); Delitzsch on θέλειν denotes [[mere]] [[volition]], βούλεσθαι [[inclination]]; (cf. Whiston on [[Demosthenes]] 9,5; 124,13). ([[Philip]] Buttmann s [[statement]] of the [[distinction]] [[between]] the [[two]] words is quoted [[with]] [[approval]] by Schmidt (Syn., iii., [[chapter]] 146), [[who]] adduces in [[confirmation]] ([[besides]] [[many]] examples) the [[assumed]] [[relationship]] [[between]] [[βούλομαι]] and Φελπις, [[ἐλπίς]]; the [[use]] of [[θέλω]] in the [[sense]] of '[[resolve]]' in [[such]] passages as [[Thucydides]] 5,9; of θέλων equivalent to [[ἡδέως]] in the poets; of [[βούλομαι]] as [[parallel]] to [[ἐπιθυμέω]] in [[Demosthenes]] 29,45, etc.; and passages in [[which]] the [[two]] words [[occur]] [[together]] and [[βούλομαι]] is [[apparently]] equivalent to '[[wish]]' [[while]] [[θέλω]] stands for '[[will]]' as [[Xenophon]], an. 4,4, 5; [[Euripides]], Alc. 281, etc., etc. At the [[same]] [[time]] it [[must]] be confessed [[that]] scholars are [[far]] from [[harmonious]] on the [[subject]]. Many [[agree]] [[with]] Prof. Grimm [[that]] [[θέλω]] gives [[prominence]] to the emotive [[element]], [[βούλομαι]] emphasizes the [[rational]] and volitive; [[that]] [[θέλω]] signifies the [[choice]], [[while]] [[βούλομαι]] marks the [[choice]] as [[deliberate]] and [[intelligent]]; [[yet]] [[they]] [[acknowledge]] [[that]] the words are [[sometimes]] used [[indiscriminately]], and [[especially]] [[that]] [[θέλω]] as the [[less]] [[sharply]]-defined [[term]] is [[put]] [[where]] [[βούλομαι]] would be [[proper]]; [[see]] Ellendt, Lex. [[Sophocles]]; Pape, Handwörterb.; Seiler, Wörterb. d. [[Homer]], [[under]] the [[word]] [[βούλομαι]]; Suhle und Schneidewin, Handwörterb.; Crosby, Lex. to [[Xenophon]], an., [[under]] the [[word]] [[ἐθέλω]]; (Arnold's) Pillon, Greek Syn. § 129; Webster, Synt. and Syn. of the Greek Testament, p. 197; Wilke, Clavis N. T., edition 2,2:603; Schleusner, N. T. Lex. [[see]] [[under]] the [[word]], [[βούλομαι]]; Munthe, Observations, phil. in N. T. ex Diodorus Siculus, etc., p. 3; Valckenaer, Scholia etc. ii. 23; Westermann on [[Demosthenes]] 20,111; the commentators [[generally]] on Matt. as [[above]]; Lightfoot on Ephesians , p. 42; [[this]] seems to be roughly intended by Ammonius [[also]]: βούλεσθαι [[μέν]] [[ἐπί]] μόνου λεκτεον [[τοῦ]] λογικου. τό δέ θέλειν [[καί]] [[ἐπί]] ἀλογου ζοωυ; (and Eustathius on Iliad 1,112, p. 61,2, says ὀυχ' [[ἁπλῶς]] [[θέλω]], [[ἀλλά]] [[βούλομαι]], [[ὅπερ]] [[ἐπίτασις]] [[τοῦ]] θέλειν ἐστιν). On the [[other]] [[hand]], Liddell and Scott ([[under]] the [[word]] [[ἐθέλω]]); Passow, edition 5; Rost, Wörterb. edition 4; Schenkl, Schulwörterb.; Donaldson, Crat. § 463 f; Wahl; Clay. Apocrypha, [[under]] the [[word]] [[βούλομαι]]; Cremer, [[under]] the words, [[βούλομαι]] and [[θέλω]]; [[especially]] Stallb. on [[Plato]] s de repub. 4,13, p. 437b. (cf. [[too]] Cope on [[Aristotle]], rhet. 2,19, 19); Franke on [[Demosthenes]] 1,1, [[substantially]] [[reverse]] the [[distinction]], as does Ellicott on [[βούλομαι]] [[with]] voluptas ([[Curtius]], § 659, [[compare]] p. 726), and makes [[θέλω]] [[signify]] 'to [[hold]] to [[something]],' '[[form]] a [[fixed]] [[resolve]]' ([[see]] [[above]], at the [[beginning]]), [[yet]] the [[predominant]] [[usage]] of the N. T. [[will]] be [[evident]] to [[one]] [[who]] looks up the passages referred to [[above]] (Fritzsche's [[explanation]] of R. V. wishing is [[questionable]]; cf. μισῶ, and [[indeed]] the [[use]] of [[θέλω]] [[throughout]] [[this]] [[chapter]]); [[θέλω]] occurs in the N. T. [[about]] [[five]] times as [[often]] as [[βούλομαι]] (on the [[relative]] [[use]] of the words in classic writers [[see]] Tycho Mommsen in Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 415f). The [[usage]] of the Sept. ([[beyond]] the [[particular]] specified by Prof. Grimm) seems to [[afford]] [[little]] [[light]]; [[see]] e. g. [[θέλω]] seems to [[have]] [[nearly]] driven [[βούλομαι]] [[out]] of [[use]]; on [[θέλω]] as an [[auxiliary]] cf. Jebb in Vincent and Dickson's Handbook, Appendix §§ 60,64. For examples of the associated [[use]] of the words in classic Greek, [[see]] Stephanus' Thesaurus [[under]] the [[word]] [[βούλομαι]], p. 366d.; Lightfoot, Cremer, and [[especially]] Schmidt, as [[above]].)

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