σκότος: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.,<br />Meaning: [[darkness]], [[dark]], also of the dark before the eyes = [[swindle]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after <b class="b3">φῶς</b> a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σκοτο-μήν-ιος</b> "having the moon in the dark", <b class="b2">moon-darkness, moonless</b>, adjunct of <b class="b3">νύξ</b> (ξ 457), univerbation of <b class="b3">σκότος</b> and <b class="b3">μήν(η</b>); besides the abstract <b class="b3">σκοτο-μην-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">moonlessnes, moonless night</b> (hell.), also <b class="b3">σκοτο-μήνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in <b class="b3">-αινα</b>) <b class="b3">σκοτό-μαινα</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further <b class="b3">σκοτο-διν-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. [[swindle]] (Hp., Pl.) with <b class="b3">-δινιάω</b> (Ar., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-δινος</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp.; after <b class="b3">δῖνος</b>); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.<br />Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">σκότιος</b> [[dark]], [[secretly]], [[illegitimate]], in Crete also = <b class="b3">ἄνηβος</b> (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this <b class="b3">σκοτίας δραπέτης</b> H. 2. <b class="b3">σκοτ-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">in the dark, dark</b> (IA.; after <b class="b3">κνεφαῖος</b> a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. <b class="b3">-εινός</b> [[darkness]] (A.; after <b class="b3">φαεινός</b> a. o.) with <b class="b3">-εινότης</b> f. (Pl.), <b class="b3">-εινῶδες</b> H. s. <b class="b3">νυθῶδες</b>. 4. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 28f.); <b class="b3">Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α</b> (<b class="b3">-όεσσα</b>) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[dark]], [[dizzy]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωδία</b> f. (late). 6. <b class="b3">-ερός</b> [[dark]] (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">σκοτία</b> f. = <b class="b3">σκότος</b> (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to <b class="b3">σκότιος</b> as e.g. <b class="b3">ὁσία</b> : <b class="b3">ὅσιος</b>?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. <b class="b3">σκοταρία ζόφος</b>. <b class="b3">Ἀχαιοί</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">Σκοτίτας</b> m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. <b class="b3">Σκοτία</b> (<b class="b3">-ιά</b>) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">σκοτόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken</b> (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with <b class="b3">σκότ-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> (hell. a. late). 2. <b class="b3">ἐπι-σκοτ-έω</b> <b class="b2">to shroud in darkness, to darken</b> (Hp., Att.; like <b class="b3">ἐπι-θυμ-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-χειρ-έω</b> a. o.) with <b class="b3">-ησις</b> f. (Plu. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ος</b> adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. <b class="b3">σκοτάω</b> in 3. pl. <b class="b3">σκοτόωσι</b> <b class="b2">their sight becomes darkened</b> (Nic.). 4. <b class="b3">σκοτ-άζω</b>, mostly w. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">to become dark, to darken</b> (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> m. (late). 5. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to darken</b> (hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ισις</b> (sp.). 6. <b class="b3">σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει</b> H. (cf. <b class="b3">σκοτίας</b> ab. A. 1).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [957] <b class="b2">*sk(e)h₃t-</b>, or <b class="b2">*skot-</b>?<br />Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, <b class="b3">σκότος</b> has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for [[shadow]]: Goth. [[skadus]], OE [[sceadu]] (also [[darkness]]), OHG [[scato]], -(<b class="b2">a)wes</b>, PGm. <b class="b2">*skaðu-</b> (after the opposite <b class="b2">*haiðu-</b> prop. <b class="b2">light-appearance</b> [= Skt. <b class="b2">ketú-</b>] in Goth. [[haidus]] <b class="b2">art and way</b> a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. [[scāth]] n. [[shadow]], IE <b class="b2">*skōto-</b> or <b class="b2">*skāto-</b> (diff. s. <b class="b3">σκιά</b>). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.

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