κεφαλή: Difference between revisions

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 {{etym
 |etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[head]], also metaph. <b class="b2">the uppermost, most extreme, source etc.</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κεφαλ-αλγ-ία</b> [[headache]] (Hp.), through dissimilation <b class="b3">-αργία</b> (Luc.); <b class="b3">βου-κέφαλος</b> <b class="b2">with cow-head</b> (Ar.); also as plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); as PN <b class="b3">Βου-κεφάλας</b> m. the personal horse of Alexander the Great (Str., Plu.; on the formation Schwyzer 451).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. <b class="b3">κεφάλιον</b> (Att. inscr.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Poll., pap.), <b class="b3">κεφαλίς</b> f. <b class="b2">bulb of an onion, toe-cap of a shoe, capital of a column etc.</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">κεφαλὶς βιβλίου</b> <b class="b2">book-roll</b> (LXX); - <b class="b3">κεφάλαιον</b> n. <b class="b2">the main thing, -point, -sum, capital</b> (Pi., att.; rarely adj. <b class="b3">κεφάλαιος</b> [Ar. Ra. 854, PMasp. 151, 16, VIp]) with <b class="b3">κεφαλαιώδης</b>, adv. <b class="b3">-ωδῶς</b> <b class="b2">regarding the main point</b> (Hp., Arist., hell.) and the denominative <b class="b3">κεφαλαιόω</b> <b class="b2">(summarize the main points) </b> (Att.), from where <b class="b3">κεφαλαίωμα</b> <b class="b2">total sum</b> (Hdt. 3, 159), <b class="b3">-αίωσις</b> [[summary]] (Sch.), <b class="b3">-αιωτής</b> = lat. [[capitularius]] with <b class="b3">-τία</b> (pap. Rom. Emp.); - <b class="b3">κεφαλαία</b> f. <b class="b2">chronic headache</b> (medic.); - <b class="b3">κεφαλώδης</b> <b class="b2">head-like</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">κεφαλικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the head, to life, capitalis</b> (pap., Dsc.); - <b class="b3">κεφαλίτης λίθος</b> <b class="b2">corner-stone</b> (H.), <b class="b3">κεφαλίτης γλήχων</b> prob. <b class="b2">Mentha aquatica</b> (Hippiatr.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 73); <b class="b3">κεφαλίνη</b> <b class="b2">root of the tongue</b> (Poll.); <b class="b3">κεφαλῖνος</b> fishname = <b class="b3">βλεψίας</b> (Dorio ap. Ath.; Strömberg Fischnamen 41), also <b class="b3">κέφαλος</b> <b class="b2">Mugil cephalus</b> (Hp., Com., Arist.; extens. Thompson Fishes s. v.; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 75 : 2, 54f. [: to Skt. <b class="b2">śaphara-</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">šãpalas</b> [[Cyprinus]]]); - <b class="b3">κεφάλωμα</b> [[sum]] (Messen., Delph.; after <b class="b3">ἀνάλωμα</b>, Bechtel Dial. 2, 156; cf. also <b class="b3">κεφαλαίωμα</b> above); <b class="b3">κεφαλωτός</b> <b class="b2">with a head</b> (Arist., hell.), as plant-name [[Thymian]] (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50), <b class="b3">-ωτόν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">πράσον</b>) [[onion]] (pap.); - <b class="b3">κεφαληδόν</b> <b class="b2">per head</b> (Priene IVa). - Denomin. <b class="b3">κ]εφαλίζω</b> [[behead]] (BGU 1, 341, 9); in other meaning <b class="b3">κεφαλισμός</b> <b class="b2">table of multiplication</b> (Arist.); <b class="b3">κεφαλόω</b> in <b class="b3">κεκεφαλωμένος</b> <b class="b2">provided with a head</b> (Arist.-comm.); <b class="b3">κεφαλιόω</b> in <b class="b3">ἐκεφαλίωσαν</b> (Ev. Mark. 12, 4), meaning unclear <b class="b2">beat the head</b> or [[behead]]?, s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s. v. (wrong Pernot Neophilol. 26, 310ff.). - Further the hypostases <b class="b3">προσ-</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">ποτι-</b>), <b class="b3">ὑπο-κεφάλαιον</b> <b class="b2">(head)cushion</b> (IA.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 517), <b class="b3">ἀποκεφαλίζω</b> [[behead]] (LXX, Phld.) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">ισμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστής</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [423] <b class="b2">*gʰebʰel-</b> [[head]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[head]], found also in Tocharian and Germanic: Toch. A <b class="b2">śpāl</b> [[head]] (final unclear), OHG [[gebal]] m., MHG. [[gebel]] [[skull]], OHG [[gibilla]] f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Germ. <b class="b2">i̯ō-</b>deriv); besides in the sense of [[front]] OHG [[gibil]] m., Goth. [[gibla]] m. (<b class="b2">n-</b>stem) and, with ablaut, ONo. [[gafl]] m. <b class="b2">side of a facade</b>; IE. <b class="b2">*ghebh(e)l-</b>, which looks like an <b class="b2">l-</b>stem; but a corresponding basis has nowhere been found. - Here also <b class="b3">γαβαλάν ἐγκέφαλον η κεφαλήν</b> H. and Maced. (Illyr.?) <b class="b3">κεβ(α)λή</b>; s. <b class="b3">κεβλη</b>. The Greek <b class="b3">-α</b> is difficult. S. Benveniste, Word 10 (1954) 255f.
+}}
+{{mdlsj
+|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> the [[head]] of man or [[beast]], Hom., etc.; κατὰ κεφαλῆς, epic κὰκ κεφαλῆς, [[over]] the [[head]], Hom.; κὰκ κεφαλήν on the [[head]], Il.:— ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from [[head]] to [[foot]], Il.:— ἐπὶ κεφαλήν [[head]] [[foremost]], [[head]] downwards, [[headlong]], Hdt., Plat., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[head]], put for the [[whole]] [[person]], Hom.; [[ἶσον]] ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ like [[myself]], Il.; [[φίλη]] κ., Lat. carum [[caput]], Il.: in bad [[sense]], ὦ κακαὶ κεφαλαί Hdt.; ὦ μιαρὰ κ. Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[head]], i. e. the [[life]], παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς setting [[their]] heads on the [[cast]], Od.:—in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τρέποιτ' [[ἐμοί]] on my [[head]] be it! Ar., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]], κ. σκορόδου a [[head]] of [[garlic]], Ar.: the top or [[brim]] of a [[vessel]], Theocr.: the coping of a [[wall]], Xen.:—in pl. the [[head]] or [[source]] of a [[river]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> metaph., like [[κεφάλαιον]], the [[crown]], [[completion]] of a [[thing]], Plat.
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