δύναμις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῠ], ἡ</b>, gen. εως, Ion. ιος, Ion. dat. <b class="b3">δυνάμι</b> : (δύναμαι):— <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">power, might</b>, in Hom., esp. of <b class="b2">bodily strength</b>, εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη <span class="bibl">Od. 2.62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.8.294</span>; οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες <span class="bibl">Od.20.237</span>; ἡ δ. τῶν νέων <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.3.2</span>, etc.: generally, <b class="b2">strength, power, ability</b> to do anything, <b class="b3">πὰρ δύναμιν</b> beyond one's <b class="b2">strength</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.787</span>; in Prose, παρὰ δ. τολμηταί <span class="bibl">Th.1.70</span>, etc.; ὑπὲρ δ. <span class="bibl">D.18.193</span>; opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ δ</b>. as far as <b class="b2">lies in one</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.142</span>, etc. (κὰδ δ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>); εἰς δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Cratin. 172</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 458e</span>, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">outward power, influence, authority</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>174</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>779</span> (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>; δυνάμει προὔχοντες <span class="bibl">Th.7.21</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.13.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">force for war, forces</b>, δ. ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.100</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>240d</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.41.2</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>21.22</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>139.8 (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">μετὰ</b> <b class="b3">δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν</b> Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.12</span>; <b class="b3">πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον</b>, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>5.2,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">a power, quantity</b>, χρημάτων δ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.9</span>.ά. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">means</b>, κατὰ δύναμιν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1243b12</span>; opp. <b class="b3">παρὰ δ</b>., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>8.3</span>; κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1051.17</span> (Aug.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">power, faculty, capacity</b>, αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>14</span>; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>185e</span>; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 532a</span>; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ. <span class="bibl">D.22.11</span>: c. gen. rei, <b class="b2">capacity for</b>, τῶν ἔργων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309a35</span>; τοῦ λέγειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1362b22</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων</b>, <span class="bibl">Men.578</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.94</span>; δ. στρατηγική <span class="bibl">Plb.1.84.6</span>; δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.56.5</span>; δ. συνθετική <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>2</span>: abs., any <b class="b2">natural capacity</b> or <b class="b2">faculty</b>, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span> 126a37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">MM</span>1183b28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">elementary force</b>, such as heat, cold, etc., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>646a14</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ</b>.ib.<span class="bibl">650a5</span>; θερμαντικὴ δ. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>60</span>, cf. Polystr.<span class="bibl">p.23</span> W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">property, quality</b>, ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Vict.</span>1.10</span>; esp. of the <b class="b2">natural properties</b> of plants, etc., <b class="b3">αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.11.1</span>; <b class="b2">productive power</b>, τῆς γῆς Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.4; μετάλλων Id.<span class="title">Vect.</span>4.1: generally, <b class="b2">function, faculty</b>, <b class="b3">δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική</b>, Gal.10.635; <b class="b3">περὶ φυσικῶν δ</b>., title of work by Galen. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in pl., <b class="b2">agencies</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις</b> (sc. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">function, meaning</b>, of part in whole, Id.p.17 W. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> in Music, <b class="b2">function, value</b>, of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span>p.69M.</span>; <b class="b3">μέση κατὰ δύναμιν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ θέσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ptol. <span class="title">Harm.</span>2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">faculty, art</b>, or <b class="b2">craft</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>532d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1018a30</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1094a10</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">δ. σκεπτική</b> the <b class="b2">doctrine</b> of the Sceptics, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>7.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">a medicine</b>, <span class="bibl">Timostr.7</span>, etc.; δ. ἁπλαῖ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Decent.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">CD</span>1.4</span>, etc.; δ. πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c, Gal.13.365: in pl., <b class="b2">collection of formulae</b> or <b class="b2">prescriptions</b>, <span class="bibl">Orib.10.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">action</b> of medicines, <b class="b3">περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ</b>., title of work by Galen; also, <b class="b2">potency</b>, <b class="b3">δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.672</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">magically potent substance</b> or <b class="b2">object</b>, PMag.Leid.V.8.12: in pl., <b class="b2">magical powers</b>, <span class="bibl">Hld.4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">force</b> or <b class="b2">meaning</b> of a word, <span class="bibl">Lys.10.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>394b</span>, <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>31</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> phonetic <b class="b2">value</b> of sounds or letters, <span class="bibl">Plb.10.47.8</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>12</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Jud.Voc.</span>5</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">worth</b> or <b class="b2">value</b> of money, <span class="bibl">Th.6.46</span>,<span class="bibl">2.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sol.</span> 15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">capability of existing</b> or <b class="b2">acting, potentiality</b>, opp. <b class="b2">actuality</b> (ἐνέργεια), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1047b31</span>, <span class="bibl">1051a5</span>, etc.: hence <b class="b3">δυνάμει</b> as Adv., <b class="b2">virtually</b>, ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει . . ἐστί <span class="bibl">D.3.15</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἐνεργείᾳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>86a28</span>, al.; opp. <b class="b3">ἐντελεχείᾳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>193b8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Math., <b class="b2">power</b>, κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1019b33</span>; usu. <b class="b2">second power, square</b>, <b class="b3">κατὰ δύναμιν</b> in <b class="b2">square</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>54b</span>, cf. <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [<b class="b3">εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση</b> a line <b class="b2">the square</b> on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς</b> AK the <b class="b2">square</b> on BA is less than double of the <b class="b2">square</b> on AK, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>2.9</span>: <b class="b3">εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροι</b> commensurable <b class="b2">in square</b>, <span class="bibl">Euc.10</span><span class="title">Def.</span>2; <b class="b3">ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς</b> the series 12 + 22… + 102, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>64. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">square number</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>32a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">square</b> of an unknown quantity (<span class="bibl">x2</span>), Dioph.<span class="title">Def.</span>2, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">square root</b> of a number which is not a perfect square, <b class="b2">surd</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μῆκος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>147d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">product</b> of two numbers, <b class="b3">ἡ ἀμφοῖν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τριάδος καὶ δυάδος</b>) δ. ἑξάς <span class="bibl">Ph.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.108</span> P.; <b class="b3">δυνάμει</b> <b class="b2">in product</b>, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Metr.</span>1.15</span>, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>33. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> concrete, <b class="b2">powers</b>, esp. of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>34.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>3.22</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ph.1.587</span>, <span class="title">Corp.Herm.</span>1.26, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>2.34</span>: sg., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>8.10</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1275; <b class="b3">πολυώνυμος δ</b>., of God, <span class="bibl">Secund.<span class="title">Sent.</span>3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b2">manifestation of divine power, miracle</b>, Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch <b class="b2">Aus Lydien</b> 113, etc.</span>