λίθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῐ], ου, o(</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">stone</b>, Hom., etc.; esp. of the <b class="b2">stones</b> thrown by warriors, <b class="b3">τρηχὺς λ., λ. ὀκριόεις</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.308</span>, <span class="bibl">8.327</span>; also, <b class="b2">stonequoit</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.190</span>; ἑλέσθαι… ἐκ γαίας λίθον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>199.4</span>; of building- <b class="b2">stones</b>, λίθοι βασιλικοί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.423.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>499.20</span> (both iii B.C.): prov., <b class="b3">ἐν παντὶ γάρ τοι σκορπίος φρουρεῖ λίθῳ</b> <b class="b2">for a scorpion keeps watch in every stone lapide, sub omni latet insidians nepa</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>37</span>; <b class="b3">λίθον ἕψειν</b> 'to lose one's labour', <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>280</span>; also of stupid persons, 'blockheads', λίθοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1202</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.568</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>292d</span>, Gal.9.656; <b class="b3">λ. τις, ou) dou/lh</b> <span class="bibl">Herod.6.4</span>; <b class="b3">προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν λ</b>., of Niobe, <span class="bibl">Philem.101</span>; ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>494a</span> sq.; <b class="b3">λίθῳ λαλεῖς</b> prov. of <b class="b3">ἀναίσθητοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Macar.5.61</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">stone</b> as a substance, opp. wood, flesh, etc., ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λ. χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος <span class="bibl">Il.4.510</span>; <b class="b3">λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε</b> turned into <b class="b2">stone, petrified</b>, <span class="bibl">24.611</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>198c</span>; so [νῆα] θεῖναι λ. <span class="bibl">Od.13.156</span>; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, σοὶ δ' αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο <span class="bibl">23.103</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">λίθος, ἡ</b>, twice in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.12.287</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.494</span>, just like masc., also in <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.26</span>, <span class="bibl">Bion <span class="title">Fr.</span>1.2</span>: later mostly of <b class="b2">some special stone</b>, as the magnet is called <b class="b3">Μαγνῆτις λ</b>. by <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>567</span> (but <b class="b3">ἡ λίθος</b> simply in <span class="bibl">Democr.11k</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 267a2</span>, cf. v.l. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">de An.</span>405a20</span>); also <b class="b3">Λυδία λ</b>. by <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>800</span> (but in B.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 10 J. <b class="b3">Λυδία λ</b>. = <b class="b2">touchstone</b>); <b class="b3">Ἡρακλεία λ</b>. by <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>533d</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 293</span>; so of a <b class="b2">touchstone</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>486d</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ διαφανὴς λ</b>. <b class="b2">a piece of crystal</b> used for a burning-glass, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>767</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Alex.</span>21</span>; <b class="b3">χυτὴ λ</b>. was perh. a kind of <b class="b2">glass</b>, and so an older name for <b class="b3">ὕαλος</b>, <span class="bibl">Epin.1.8</span> (the same thing as the <b class="b3">ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά</b> in <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.69</span>; cf. τὴν ὕαλον… ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>61c</span>); <b class="b3">λ</b>. = <b class="b2">precious stone</b> is fem. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>99</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1421.92, 1460.21, but masc. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>, etc.; in the sense of <b class="b2">marble</b> mostly masc., λευκὸς λ. <span class="bibl">Id.4.87</span> (simply λίθος <span class="bibl">1.164</span>), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>330</span> (<b class="b3">λευκοὶ λ</b>. is opp. πέτρινοι λ. <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>4.446.8 (Didyma)); Πάριος λ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.81</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.57</span>; Ταινάριος λ. <span class="bibl">Str.8.5.7</span>; <b class="b3">λ. Θάσιος, Αἰγύπτιος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Paus.1.18.6</span>, etc.; κογχίτης <span class="bibl">Id.1.44.6</span>; κογχυλιάτης <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.10</span>; but Παρία λ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>13</span>; cf. <b class="b3">λυχνίας, -ίτης; πώρινος λ</b>. <b class="b2">tufa</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.62</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> collectively, <b class="b3">πέφυκε λίθος… ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ</b>… <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">grave-stone</b> (fem.), <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>8.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> at Athens, <b class="b3">λίθος, ὁ</b>, was a name for various <b class="b2">blocks of stone used for rostra</b> or <b class="b2">platforms</b>, as, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> the <b class="b3">βῆμα</b> (q.v.) of the Pnyx, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>683</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 680</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>87</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> another in the <b class="b3">ἀγορά</b> used by the <b class="b3">κήρυκες</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>8</span>; prob. the same as <b class="b3">ὁ πρατὴρ λ</b>., on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., <span class="bibl">Poll.3.78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">126</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> an <b class="b2">altar</b> in the <b class="b3">ἀγορά</b>, at which the Thesmothetae, arbitrators, and witnesses took their oaths, <span class="bibl">Philoch.65</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.26</span> (restored from Harp. s.v. [[λίθος]]), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>7.1</span>, <span class="bibl">55.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>25</span>; cf. [[λιθωμότης]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> two <b class="b2">stones</b> on which litigants stood in the Areopagus, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.28.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">piece on a draughtboard</b>, <span class="bibl">Alc.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc. 6.18</span>, cf. γραμμή <span class="bibl">111.1</span>: hence pron., πάντα λίθον κινεῖν <span class="bibl">Zen.5.63</span> (who explains it differently). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Medic., <b class="b2">stone in the bladder, calculus</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>519b19</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>4.55</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b3">Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">Jovem lapidem jurare</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.25.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VIII</span> <b class="b3">λίθοι χαλάζης</b> hail- <b class="b2">stones</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jo.</span>10.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IX</span> <b class="b3">λ. ὁ οὐ λ</b>. the philosophers' <b class="b2">stone</b>, Zos. Alch.<span class="bibl">p.122</span> B.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0045.png Seite 45]] 1) ὁ, der <b class="b2">Stein</b>, Felsblock; τρηχύς, [[ὀκριόεις]], Il. 5, 308. 8, 327, [[ξεστός]], Odyss. 3, 406; ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι [[λίθος]] χρὼς οὐδὲ [[σίδηρος]], Il. 4, 510, vgl. 19, 494; σοὶ δ' αἰεὶ [[κραδίη]] στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο Od. 23, 103; so oft als Sinnbild des Unerbittlichen, Gefühllosen, Ar. Nubb. 1202, Plat. Hipp. mai. 292 d; vgl. auch ὥςπερ λίθον ζῆν, Gorg. 494 a; auch sprichwörtlich λίθῳ λαλεῖς, Paroemigr. App. 3, 68; vgl. Jacobs zu Ach. Tat. II, 815 ff. – Von der steinernen Wurfscheibe, Od. 8, 190; übh. Steine, welche die Kämpfenden auf einander schleudern, Hom. u. A.; μὴ βαλέτω με λίθῳ τραχεῖ [[φθόνος]], Pind. Ol. 8, 55; oft τοῖς λίθοις βάλλειν, Thuc. 4, 43; Xen. An. 5, 7, 19; τοῖς λίθοις τύπτειν ἐκ χειρός, Pol. 3, 13, 4; – λίθον τινὰ ποιεῖν, zu Stein machen, versteinern, Il. 24, 611 Od. 13, 156; μὴ αὐτόν με λίθον τῇ ἀφωνίᾳ ποιήσειε Plat. Conv. 198 c. – Sprichwörtliche Vrbdgn sind noch μηδ' εἰς πέτρας τε καὶ λίθους σπείρειν, Plat. Legg. VIII, 838 c; πάντα λίθον κινεῖν, eigtl. im Spiel jeden Stein ziehen (so sagt Theocr. 6, 18 τὸν ἀπὸ γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον), d. i. Alles in Bewegung setzen, um einen Zweck zu erreichen; auch λίθον ἕψειν u. ähnl., s. Paroem. – In Athen ist ὁ ἐν τῇ πυκνὶ [[λίθος]] die steinerne Rednerbühne, von der herab die Redner zum Volk sprachen, B. A. 277, Oratt.; vgl. Ar. Ach. 683 Pax 680. – Auf der [[ἀγορά]] ist auch ὁ τοῦ [[κήρυκος]] [[λίθος]], auf welchen sich der Herold stellt, wenn er Etwas öffentlich ausruft, Plut. Sol. 8; – auf einem andern Steine, ἐν ἀγορᾷ πρὸς τῷ λίθῳ, mußte jeder Thesmothet schwören, Plut. Sol. 25; – u. im Areopag stand der Kläger auf einem Steine, Harpocr. – 2) ἡ [[λίθος]], bei Hom. = masc., von dem Wurfsteine, λίθοι θαμειαί, Il. 12, 287; στερεὴ [[λίθος]] Od. 19, 494. – Nach den Gramm. bes. die edleren, zur Politur u. feineren Bearbeitung geeigneten Steine, bes. Edelsteine, τὴν λίθον ταύτην ἑώρας τὴν καλήν, τὴν διαφανῆ, Ar. Nubb. 766; bei Her. 2, 44, σμαράγδου λίθου, ist das Genus nicht zu erkennen; bei Xen. ἦν ἡ κρηπὶς λίθου ξεστοῦ κογχυλιάτου, geglätteter Muschelmarmor, An. 3, 4, 10; ἡ Ἡρακλεία [[λίθος]], der Magnet, Plat. Ion 533 d; Sp. auch ἡ μαγνῆτις λ, ; – ὴ μαργαρῖτις λ., Ath. III, 93 b. – Der Probierstein, τούτων τινὰ τῶν λίθων, ᾗ βασανίζουσι τὸν χρυσόν Plat. Gorg. 486 d. – Auch der Grabstein, Anth.; – λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη, Plat. Tim. 61 b, wie συγ κυρκανήσας ἐν σκύφῳ χυτῆς λίθου Epinic. bei Ath. X, 432, eine Art Glasfluß; so ist auch Her. 2, 69 ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά zu erkl. – Der Blasenstein, Arist. H. A. 3, 15 u. Medic.