γένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος or ους, τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">race, stock, kin</b>, ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γ. ἠδ' ἴα πάτρη <span class="bibl">Il.13.354</span>; αἷμά τε καὶ γ. <span class="bibl">Od.8.583</span>; ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἔστι γένεος βασιλεύτερον <span class="bibl">15.533</span>; γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.209</span>; γ. ἀπόλωλε τοκήων <span class="bibl">Od.4.62</span>; ὅθι τοι γένος ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτῇ <span class="bibl">6.35</span>: freq. abs. in acc., <b class="b3">ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος εἰμί</b> from Ithaca I am <b class="b2">by race</b>, <span class="bibl">15.267</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il. 5.544</span>,<span class="bibl">896</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>239</span>, etc.; in Att. freq. with the Art., ποδαπὸς τὸ γένος εἶ <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>186</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>216a</span>: so in dat., γένει πολῖται <span class="bibl">D.23.24</span>; <b class="b3">γένει υἱός</b>, opp. an adopted son, <span class="bibl">Id.44.2</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν γένει</b>, = [[συγγενεῖς]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1430</span>; οἱ ἔξω γένους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>660</span>; οὐδὲν ἐν γένει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1016</span>; γένει προσήκειν τινί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.1</span>; γένει ἀπωτέρω εἶναι <span class="bibl">D. 44.13</span>: in gen., <b class="b3">γένους εἶναί τινος</b> to be of his [[race]], ἄναγνος καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1383</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγγυτέρω, ἐγγύτατα γένους</b>, nearer, next <b class="b2">of kin</b>, <span class="bibl">Is.8.33</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>388</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">direct descent</b>, opp. <b class="b2">collateral relationship</b>, γένος γάρ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ συγγένεια <span class="bibl">Is.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ γένος βασιλεῖαι</b> [[hereditary]] monarchies, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285a16</span>, <span class="bibl">1313a10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[offspring]], even of <b class="b2">a single descendant</b>, σὸν γ. <span class="bibl">Il.19.124</span>, <span class="bibl">21.186</span>; ἡ δ' ἄρ' ἔην θεῖον γ. οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">6.180</span>; ἁμὸν Οἰδίπου γ. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>654</span>; <b class="b3">Διὸς γ</b>., of Bacchus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1117</span> (lyr.); Τέκμησσα, δύσμορον γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>784</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> collectively, <b class="b2">offspring, posterity</b>, ἐκεῖνοι καὶ τὸ γ. τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνων <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; ἐξώλη ποιεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ γ. καὶ οἰκίαν <span class="bibl">D.19.71</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[race]], of beings, θεῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>960</span>; ἡμιθέων γ. ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Il.12.23</span>; <b class="b3">ἡμιόνων, βοῶν γ</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.2.852</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.212</span>; <b class="b3">ἵππειον γ</b>., i.e. [[mules]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>342</span>; ἰχθύων πλωτὸν γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>941.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">clan, house, family</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.125</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἀπὸ γένους</b> men <b class="b2">of noble family</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span>21</span>; ἱερεὺς κατὰ γ. <span class="title">IG</span> 5(1).497, al.; also <b class="b3">ἱέρεια ἀπὸ γένους, διὰ γένους</b>, ib.607.29,602; esp. at Athens and elsewhere as a subdivision of the <b class="b3">φρατρία</b>, Arist.<span class="title">Ath. Fr.</span>3, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.120e, etc.; = Lat.[[gens]], <span class="bibl">D.S.4.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Num.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[tribe]], as a subdivision of <b class="b3">ἔθνος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.56</span>,<span class="bibl">101</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> [[caste]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.164</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> of animals, [[breed]], <span class="bibl">Id.4.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">age, generation</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.245</span>; <b class="b3">γ. χρύσεον</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>109</span>: hence, <b class="b2">age, time of life</b>, γένει ὕστερος <span class="bibl">Il.3.215</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[sex]], <span class="bibl">Epich.172.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>189d</span>; [[gender]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1407b7</span>, <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.214</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">class, sort, kind</b>, τὰ γ. τῶν κυνῶν ἐστι δισσά <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.1</span>; τὸ φιλόσοφον γ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>501e</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν γεωργῶν [γ</b>.] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>17c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 434b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1329a27</span>; τῶν ἰχθυοπωλῶν γ. <span class="bibl">Xenarch.7.4</span>; τὸ τῶν παρασίτων γ. Nicol. Com.1.1, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Logic, opp. <b class="b3">εἶδος</b> (species), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>129c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>102a31</span>, <span class="bibl">102b12</span>, al.; τὰ γ. εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1059b36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in the animal kingdom, <b class="b3">τὰ μέγιστα γ</b>., = the modern <span class="title">Classes</span>, such as birds, fishes, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>490b7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">505b26</span>; so in the vegetable kingdom, <b class="b3">γένη τὰ μέγιστα</b>, = [[σιτώδη, χεδροπά]] and <b class="b3">ἀνώνυμα</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[genus]], <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν καρκίνων γ., τὸ τῶν περιστερῶν γ</b>., etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>487b17</span>, <span class="bibl">488a4</span>; τῶν δένδρων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν εἴδη πλείω τυγχάνει καθ' ἕκαστον γένος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.14.3</span>; τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους [πίτυς] καὶ πεύκη Dsc. 1.69, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">γένος τι</b> a [[species]] of plant, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.8.13</span>; so later, <b class="b3">γένη</b>, = [[crops]], ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>66.43</span>, al. (ii B. C.); οἷς ἐὰν αἱρῶμαι γένεσι πλὴν κνήκου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.91.15</span> (ii A. D.); [[produce]], POxy.727.20 (ii A. D.); [[materials]], ib.54.16 (iii A. D.); <b class="b3">ἐν γένεσιν</b> in [[kind]], opp. <b class="b3">ἐν ἀργυρίῳ</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>21.10</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">τὰ γ</b>. the [[elements]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>54b</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[jánas]], gen. [[jánasas]]; Lat. <b class="b2">genus, -eris</b>, v. [[γίγνομαι]].)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0483.png Seite 483]] (genus), τό, 1) [[Geschlecht]], [[Stamm]], bes. edles Geschlecht; Hom. Iliad. 6, 209 μηδὲ [[γένος]] πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν, οἳ μέγ' ἄριστοι ἔν τ' Ἐφύρῃ ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐν Λυκίῃ εὐρείῃ; Odyss. 8, 583 ἦ [[τίς]] τοι καὶ πηὸς ἀπέφθιτο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ ἐσθλὸς ἐών, γαμβρὸς ἢ [[πενθερός]], οἵ τε [[μάλιστα]] κήδιστοι τελέθουσι μεθ' αἷμά τε καὶ [[γένος]] αὐτῶν, Homerisch, [[αἷμα]] und [[γένος]] stehn παραλλήλως; Iliad. 13, 354 ἦ μὰν ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν [[γένος]] ἠδ' ἴα [[πάτρη]], [[γένος]] und [[πάτρη]] stehn παραλλήλως; Odyss. 15, 533 ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἔστι [[γένος]] (v. l. γένευς) βασιλεύτερον ἄλλο ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης; 17, 523 Κρήτῃ ναιετάων, ὅθι Μίνωος [[γένος]] ἐστίν; 6, 35 [[ἤδη]] γάρ σε μνῶνται ἀριστῆες κατὰ δῆμον πάντων Φαιήκων, ὅθι τοι [[γένος]] ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτῇ; 14, 199 sqq. ἐκ μὲν Κρητάων [[γένος]] εὔ. χομαι εὐρειάων, ἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο πάις· πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι υἱέες ἐν μεγάρῳ ἠμὲν τράφεν ἠδ' ἐγένοντο γνήσιοι ἐξ ἀλόχου· ἐμὲ δ' ὠνητὴ τέκε [[μήτηρ]] [[παλλακίς]], [[ἀλλά]] με [[ἶσον]] ἰθαιγενέεσσιν ἐτίμα [[Κάστωρ]] Ὑλακίδης, τοῦ ἐγὼ [[γένος]] (var. lect. πάις, Scholl.) [[εὔχομαι]] εἶναι, accusat. [[γένος]], in Bezug auf das Geschlecht; Iliad. 21, 186 φῆσθα σὺ μὲν ποταμοῦ [[γένος]] ἔμμεναι εὐρυρέοντος, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ γενεὴν μεγάλου Διὸς [[εὔχομαι]] εἶναι: [[γένος]] offenbar ganz gleichbedeutend mit [[γενεά]]; Odyss. 21, 335 πατρὸς δ' ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ [[γένος]] εὔχεται ἔμμεναι [[υἱός]]; Iliad. 5, 896 ἐκ γὰρ [[ἐμεῦ]] [[γένος]] ἐσσί, ἐμοὶ δέ σε γείνα το [[μήτηρ]], beide Sätze παραλλήλως; Odyss. 15, 267 ἐξ Ἰθάκης [[γένος]] [[εἰμί]], πατὴρ δέ μοί ἐστιν [[Ὀδυσσεύς]]. – Sp. Ep. gradezu = Vaterland, Call. Iov. 5; Dion. Per. 213; [[γένος]] μέν εἰμι τῆς περιῤῥύτου.Σκύρου Soph. Phil. 239; τὸ [[γένος]] ἐξ Ἐλέας Plat. Soph. 216 a; τὸ [[γένος]] ἀπ' ἐκείνων Thuc. 1, 126; οἱ γένει πολῖται, der Geburt nach, entggstzt ποιητοί, Dem. 23, 24, wie [[υἱός]] 44, 2. Uebh. die ganze Verwandtschaft, οἱ ἐν γένει Soph. O. R. 1430 u. öfter; vgl. Eur. Alc. 903; οἱ ἔξω γένους Soph. Ant. 656; ἐγγύτατα γένους εἶναι, sehr nahe verwandt sein, Aesch. Suppl. 388; γένει ἐγγυτάτω εἶναί τινι Dem. 43, 3. 44, 15; ἐγγὺς τοῦ γένους εἶναι, ein Verwandter sein, Xen. Hell. 4, 2, 9; γένει προσήκειν τινί An. 1, 6, 1. In att. Gerichtssprache = die Descendenten, οἱ συγγενεῖς = die Collateralen, s. Schömann zu Is. 458. In Athen: eine Abtheilung von Bürgern (30 γένη machen eine Phratrie aus), ohne daß sie verwandt zu sein brauchten. – 2)<b class="b2"> Sprößling</b>, Nachkomme, Il. 19, 124 [[ἤδη]] ἀνὴρ γέγον' [[ἐσθλός]], ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει, Εὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάις Περσηιάδαο, σὸν [[γένος]]· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν; 6, 180 von der Chimära ἡ δ' ἄρ' ἔην [[θεῖον]] [[γένος]], οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων; von der Artemis 9, 538 ἡ δὲ χολωσαμένη, [[δῖον]] [[γένος]], [[ἰοχέαιρα]] ὦρσεν ἔπι χλούνην σῦν; Odyss. 16, 401 οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε κατακτείνειν ἐθέλοιμι Τηλέμαχον· δεινὸν δὲ [[γένος]] βασιλήιόν ἐστιν κτείνειν; manche Stellen zweideutig, indem sich [[γένος]] auch eben so gut als accus. der näheren Bestimmung auffassen läßt, »in Bezug auf das Geschlecht«; s. z. B. Odyss. 4, 62 sq. οὐ γὰρ [[σφῷν]] γε [[γένος]] ἀπόλωλε τοκήων, ἀλλ' ἀνδρῶν [[γένος]] ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων. – Oefter bei Pind. u. Tragg.; seltner in Prosa, Her. 3, 159; Thuc. 1, 126; αὐτὸν καὶ [[γένος]] καὶ οἰκίαν Dem. 19, 71; D. Hal. 3, 47. – 3) Von Her. an <b class="b2">Volksstamm, Volk</b>; τὸ Δωρικὸν [[γένος]] 1, 56; bes. von adligen Geschlechtern, 1, 101. 2, 164; übh. Adel des Geschlechts, καὶ [[πλοῦτος]] καὶ [[κάλλος]] Plat. Gorg. 523 c; Legg. IV, 711 e; οἱ ἀπὸ γένους, Leute von Familie, Plut. Rom. 21 Cat. mai. 1. – 4) Geschlecht, als <b class="b2">Inbegriff einer Menge</b>, [[γένος]] ἀνδρῶν, ἀνθρώπων; Hom. Iliad. 12, 23 ἡμιθέων [[γένος]] ἀνδρῶν; von Thieren, Odyss. 20, 212 [[οὐδέ]] κεν [[ἄλλως]] ἀνδρί γ' ὑποσταχύοιτο βοῶν γενος εὐρυμετώπων; Iliad. 2, 852 ἐξ Ἐνετῶν, [[ὅθεν]] ἡμιόνων [[γένος]] ἀγροτεράων. – Hesiod. vom Stahl, Theog. 161 [[αἶψα]] δὲ ποιήσασα [[γένος]] πολιοῦ [[ἀδάμαντος]] τεῦξε μέγα [[δρέπανον]]. – Tragg.; θεῶν [[γένος]] Soph. Ai. 392; τὸ μαντικόν, = μάντεις, Ant. 1042; von Thieren, ἱππεῖον 341; φιλόσοφον, χρηματιστικόν, Plat. Rep. VI, 501 e IV, 434 c u. öfter; τῶν γεωργῶν, der Stand, Tim. 17 c. – In Beziehung auf die Zeit, ἀνδρῶν [[γένος]], Menschenalter; wie [[γενεά]]; Hom. Odyss. 3, 245 τρὶς γὰρ δή μίν φασιν ἀνάξασθαι γένε' ἀνδρῶν, die einzige Homerische Stelle, in welcher der plur. von [[γένος]] erscheint; – Hesiod. Op. 109 χρύσεον [[γένος]] ἀνθρώπων, 127 [[γένος]] ἀργύρεον, 143 [[γένος]] ἀνθρώπων χάλκειον, 159 ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων [[θεῖον]] [[γένος]], οἳ καλέονται ἡμίθεοι προτέρῃ γενεῇ, 176 [[γένος]] σιδήρεον; – Hom. Iliad. 3, 215 γένει [[ὕστερος]], jünger. – 5) Geschlecht, als Naturun ter schi ed, sexus, Plat. Conv. 189 d u. öfter; vom Geschlecht der Wörter, Gramm. – 6) [[Gattung]], im Ggstz der εἴδη, genus – species; Plat. Parm. 129 c, u. öfter bei Philosophen; γένει μέν ἐστι [[πᾶν]] ἕν, τὰ δὲ μέρη Plat. Phil. 12 e; dah. auch die Elemente so heißen, Tim. 55 b ff.