τλάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=never found in pres. (exc. in very late writers, as <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span> 9.133</span>), this tense being supplied by the pf. <b class="b3">τέτλαμεν</b>, etc., or by <b class="b3">τολμάω</b>: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> τλήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.11.317</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1290</span>; Aeol. and Dor. τλάσομαι Sapph.75, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.41</span>; later fut. ταλάσσω Lyc.746: Ep. aor. 1. ἐτάλασσα <span class="bibl">Il.17.166</span>; subj. ταλάσσω <span class="bibl">13.829</span>, <span class="bibl">15.164</span> (an aor. Med. <b class="b3">ταλάσσατο</b>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.155</span>); inf. τελάσσαι Hsch. (cf. <b class="b3">τελα-μών</b>): but the usu. aor. was <b class="b3">ἔτλην</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.433</span>, etc., Ep. τλῆν <span class="bibl">5.385</span>, al., Dor. ἔτλᾱν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 224</span> (lyr.), etc.; 3pl. ἔτλησαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>171</span>, Dor. ἔτλᾱσαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1201</span> (lyr.), Ep. ἔτλᾰν <span class="bibl">Il.21.608</span>, <span class="bibl">Simon.107.7</span> (= <span class="title">IG</span>7.53); imper. τλῆθι <span class="bibl">Thgn.1237</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.56</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>475</span>, etc., Dor. τλᾶθι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.276</span>; 2sg. subj. τλῇς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>428</span> (lyr.); opt. <b class="b3">τλαίην</b>, 3pl. τλαῖεν <span class="bibl">Il.17.490</span>; inf. τλῆναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>704</span>, Ep. τλήμεναι <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.174</span>; part. <b class="b3">τλάς, τλᾶσα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1453</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>753</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1077</span> (lyr.): pf. <b class="b3">τέτληκα</b>, in 2sg., <span class="bibl">Il.1.228</span>,<span class="bibl">543</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>280</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>544</span>, 3sg., <span class="bibl">Od.19.347</span>; in shorter forms with pres. sense, Ep. 1pl. τέτλαμεν <span class="bibl">20.311</span>; imper. τέτλᾰθι <span class="bibl">Il.5.382</span>, τετλάτω <span class="bibl">Od.16.275</span>; opt. τετλαίην <span class="bibl">Il.9.373</span>; Ep. inf. τετλάμεναι <span class="bibl">Od.13.307</span>, τετλάμεν <span class="bibl">6.190</span>, τετλάναι <span class="bibl">Metag.18</span> (hex.); Ep. part. <b class="b3">τετληώς</b>, fem. τετληυῖα <span class="bibl">Od.20.23</span>, masc. dat. τετληότι <span class="bibl">4.447</span>, al., pl. τετληότες <span class="bibl">Il.5.873</span>, -ῶτες <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>1350</span>: plpf. ἐτέτλαμεν <span class="bibl">A.R. 1.807</span>:—poet. Verb, used by <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.96</span> (quoted by <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408b16</span>), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.3</span>; but <b class="b3">τολμάω</b> is the common prose form (cf. [[τλήμων]]): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">suffer, undergo</b> hardship, disgrace, etc. (never like [[φέρω]], of bodily loads or burdens): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> abs., <b class="b2">hold out, endure, be patient, submit</b>, ἤτοι ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.11.317</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.308</span>; ἔτι τλαίης ἐνιαυτόν <span class="bibl">Od.1.288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.219</span>; esp. in imper., τέτλαθι, μῆτερ ἐμή, καὶ ἀνάσχεο <span class="bibl">Il. 1.586</span>; τλῆτε, φίλοι <span class="bibl">2.299</span>; τέτλαθι δή, κραδίη <span class="bibl">Od.20.18</span>: so in inf., σὺ δὲ τετλάμεναι καὶ ἀνάγκῃ <span class="bibl">13.307</span>: in part., τετληότι θυμῷ <span class="bibl">4.447</span>, etc.; κραδίη τετληυῖα <span class="bibl">20.23</span>: sts. folld. by a relat. clause, τλῆ μὲν Ἄρης, ὅτε μιν . . δῆσαν <span class="bibl">Il.5.385</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">392</span>; δηρὸν ἐτέτλαμεν εἴ κε . . μεταστρέψωσι νόον A.R. l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei, <b class="b3">ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνήν</b> <b class="b2">I submitted</b> to be wedded to a man, <span class="bibl">Il.18.433</span>; ῥίγιστα . . τετληότες εἰμέν <span class="bibl">5.873</span>; <b class="b3">τλῆ δ' Ἀΐδης . . ὀϊστόν</b> <b class="b2">bore up under</b> the wound from it, ib. <span class="bibl">395</span>; ἔτλαν πένθος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).37</span>; οἷα χρὴ πάθη τλῆναι πρὸς Ἥρας <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>704</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1453</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>753</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1077</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>71</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 1251</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. inf., [[dare]] or <b class="b2">venture to do</b>, οὔτε λόχονδ' ἰέναι τέτληκας θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Il.1.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.480</span>, <span class="bibl">21.150</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">bring oneself to do something contrary to one's feelings</b>, whether good or bad, <b class="b2">have the courage, hardihood, effrontery, cruelty</b>, or <b class="b2">the grace, charity, patience</b>, to do anything, <b class="b3">ἔστε δὴ πατρὶ ἔτλην γεγωνεῖν νυκτίφοιτα δείματα</b> <b class="b2">I took courage</b> to... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>657</span>; ἔτλα θυτὴρ γενέσθαι θυγατρός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 224</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἔτλα . . φῶς ἀλλάξαι</b> [[submitted]] to exchange... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 944</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πῶς ἔτλης σὰς ὄψεις μαρᾶναι</b>; how <b class="b2">couldst thou</b> quench thy orbs of sight? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1327</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἔτλης . . ἐφυβρίσαι</b> nor <b class="b2">hadst thou the cruelty</b> to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1384</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ τλῇς με προδοῦναι</b> [[be]] not <b class="b2">so cruel</b> as to forsake me, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>275</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἂν τλαίην ἰδεῖν</b> <b class="b2">I could</b> not [[bear]] to see, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1387</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>1159</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>280</span>; so also in <span class="bibl">Il.24.35</span>,<span class="bibl">505</span>,<span class="bibl">519</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>718</span>, Sapph.75, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.41</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei, [[dare]] a thing, i.e. <b class="b2">dare to do</b> it, ἄτλητα τλᾶσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>408</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. part., τάδε τέτλαμεν εἰσορόωντες <span class="bibl">Od.20.311</span> (but in <span class="bibl">5.362</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.383</span> the part. is independent of the Verb), cf. <span class="bibl">Simon.85.14</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1041</span> (s. v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>756</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>943</span>. (Root <b class="b3">τελᾰ-</b> (τᾰλᾰ-) alternating with <b class="b3">τλᾱ-</b>: also in <b class="b3">πολύ-τλας, τάλας, τάλαντον, τολμάω, τελαμών</b>, Lat.[[tollo]], OE.[[polian]] 'endure', etc.)</span>