σπουδή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, (σπεύδω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[haste]], [[speed]], <b class="b3">σπουδὴν ἔχειν</b> make [[haste]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.89</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἔσται τῆς ὁδοῦ</b> [[haste]] on the journey, <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>; ὅκως ἂν αὐτὸν ὁρῶσι σπουδῆς ἔχοντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.66</span>; <b class="b3">χωρίον... οἷ σπουδὴν ἔχω</b> whither <b class="b2">I am hastening</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>288</span>; τοῖς μήτε σχολὴν μήτε σπουδὴν διαγινώσκουσιν <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>3.6</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδῇ</b> <b class="b2">in haste</b>, v. infr. IV; σὺν σπουδῇ ταχύς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1223</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν πάσῃ σ</b>. with all [[dispatch]], POxy.63.5 (ii/iii A.D.); διὰ σπουδῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>212</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.28</span>, etc.; ἐκ σπουδῆς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>837a15</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>6.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.4.3</span>, etc.; κατὰ σπουδήν <span class="bibl">Th.1.93</span>, <span class="bibl">2.90</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.28</span>, etc. (but this sense freq. runs into the next). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">zeal, pains, trouble, effort</b>, ἄτερ σπουδῆς <span class="bibl">Od.21.409</span>; <b class="b3">σῆς ὑπὸ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>585</span>; σπουδῆς οὐκ ἀξία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>778</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span>, etc.; freq. in dat. <b class="b3">σπουδῇ</b>, [[zealously]], v. infr. IV. <span class="bibl">3</span>; so σὺν σπουδῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 818c</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν πολλῇ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μεγάλης σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>192c</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ πολλῆς σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>175e</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι</b> <b class="b2">exert oneself, take pains, be eager</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.30</span>; c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">7.205</span>; σ. πολλὴν ποιέεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.6.107</span>; πᾶσαν σ. ποιήσασθαι ὅπως . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.71.9</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">σ. ποιεῖσθαι περί</b> τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>177c</span>; <b class="b3">περί τινα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">179d</span>; ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Salt.</span>1</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">σπουδήν τινος ποιήσασθαι</b> make <b class="b2">much ado about . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.4</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδαὶ λόγων κατατεινομένων</b> <b class="b2">zeal for</b> the conflicting arguments, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>130</span> (anap.); πρός τι <span class="bibl">D.S.17.114</span>; ἀμφὶ Κυράνας θέμεν σ. ἅπασαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.276</span>; ὅτου χάριν σ. ἔθου τήνδ' <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἔχειν</b>, c. inf., <b class="b2">to be eager</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.120</span>; c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Id.7.149</span>; σ. ἔχειν τινός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>778</span>, <span class="bibl">1014</span>; περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Amat.</span>136c</span>; εἴς τι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>557</span>; ὅπως τι γένηται <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>; σ. γίγνεται περί τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>276e</span>; σ. ἐστι περὶ πραγμάτων <span class="bibl">D.8.2</span>; σπουδῆς καὶ βουλῆς τὰ πράγματα προσδεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.9.46</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ σ. τῆς ἀπίξιος</b> my [[zeal]] in coming, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>257</span>; <b class="b3">ὅπλων σπουδῇ</b> <b class="b2">with great attention to</b> the arms, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>855d</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἐπιμέλειαι καὶ σ. πλήθους γεννημάτων</b> <b class="b2">eagerness for . .</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">740d</span>; <b class="b2">zealous exertions</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1061</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1370a12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in a religious sense, [[zeal]], πρὸς τὴν θεάν <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>85.12 (ii B.C.), cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>12.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἐνδείκνυσθαι σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[esteem]], [[regard]] for a person, <b class="b3">διὰ τὴν ἐμὴν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.41</span>; πάνυ πολλῆς σ. ἄξιος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.6</span>; <b class="b2">good will, good offices</b>, σ. ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>8.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>314.9</span> (ii A.D.); [[support]] in political life, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Crass.</span>7</span>: pl., <b class="b2">party feelings</b> or [[attachments]], [[rivalries]], σ. ἰσχυραὶ φίλων περί τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.5</span>; κατὰ σπουδάς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1370</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>3.8</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδαὶ ἐρώτων</b> erotic [[enthusiasms]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>632a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[disputation]], <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>4.27</span>, <span class="bibl">34</span> (in pl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[earnestness]], <b class="b3">σ. ἔχειν, ποιεῖσθαι</b>,= <b class="b3">σπουδάζειν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>901</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>522</span>; σπουδῆς μὲν μεστοί, γέλωτος δὲ ἐνδεέστεροι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>7.11</span>, etc.: freq. with a Prep., in adv. sense, <b class="b3">ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις</b> <b class="b2">in earnest, seriously</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.359</span>, <span class="bibl">12.233</span>; <b class="b3">μετὰ σπουδῆς</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐν παιδιαῖς</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1.1</span>; <b class="b3">μετά τε παιδιᾶς καὶ μετὰ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>887d</span>; οὐ σπουδῆς χάριν ἀλλὰ παιδιᾶς ἕνεκα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>288c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>197e</span>; καὶ χωρὶς σπουδῆς καὶ μετὰ σπουδῆς ἐπαινεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1366a29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">object of attention, serious engagement</b> or [[pursuit]], σπουδὴν ἐπ' ἄλλην Ἡρακλῆς ὁρμώμενος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1199</span>: pl., ἔν τε παιδιαῖς καὶ ἐν σπουδαῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>647d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">732d</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">σπουδῇ</b> as Adv., <b class="b2">in haste, hastily</b>, προερέσσαμεν <span class="bibl">Od.13.279</span>; ἀνάβαινε <span class="bibl">15.209</span>; στρατιὴν ἄγειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">89</span>; Dor., σπουδᾷ ἐξελθοῦσα <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).121.21 (Epid., iv B.C.); freq. in Att., σ. πάνυ <span class="bibl">Th.8.89</span>, etc.; σπουδῇ ποδός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>216</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">with great exertion and difficulty</b>, and so, [[hardly]], [[scarcely]], σπουδῇ ἕζετο λαός <span class="bibl">Il.2.99</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.893</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.297</span>; σ. παρπεπιθόντες <span class="bibl">Il.23.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.119</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">earnestly, seriously, urgently</b>, <b class="b3">τί με καλεῖς σπουδῇ</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>849</span>; σπουδῇ ἀκούειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>388d</span>; σ. χαριεντίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>24c</span>; <b class="b3">πάνυ σ</b>. [[attentively]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>98b</span>; <b class="b3">πολλῇ σ</b>. very [[busily]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>791</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.12</span>, etc.; πάσῃ σ. μανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>952a</span>, etc.</span>