δαίμων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ονος, voc. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> δαίμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1480</span> (lyr.), δαῖμον <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.11</span>, ὁ, ἡ, [[god]], [[goddess]], of individual gods or goddesses, <span class="bibl">Il.1.222</span>, <span class="bibl">3.420</span>, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος <span class="bibl">5.438</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων</b>, of <b class="b3">Φιλίη</b> and <b class="b3">Νεῖκος</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp. 59.1</span> :—but more freq. of <b class="b2">the Divine power</b> (while <b class="b3">θεός</b> denotes a God in person), <b class="b2">the Deity</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.27</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς δαίμονα</b> against <b class="b2">the Divine power</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.98</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν δαίμονι</b> by its grace, <span class="bibl">11.792</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ δαίμονα</b>, almost, = [[τύχῃ]], by [[chance]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.111</span>; τύχᾳ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.67</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμαχος</b> <b class="b3">δ</b>., i. e. Destiny, <span class="bibl">B.15.23</span>: in pl., <b class="b3">ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν</b>, what <b class="b2">the Gods</b> ordain, <span class="bibl">Id.16.117</span>; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1443</span>; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. <span class="bibl">Lys. 13.63</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.111</span>; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>544</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the power controlling the destiny of individuals</b>: hence, one's [[lot]] or [[forlune]], δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. <span class="bibl">Od.5.396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.64</span>; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή <span class="bibl">11.61</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονα δώσω</b> I will deal thee [[fate]], i.e. kill thee, I<span class="bibl">1.8.166</span>; freq. in Trag. of [[good]] or <b class="b2">ill fortune</b>, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>601</span>; δ. ἀσινής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1342</span> (lyr.); κοινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>812</span>; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>76</span>; δαίμονος σκληρότης <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.4.6</span>; personified as <b class="b2">the good</b> or <b class="b2">evil genius</b> of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1194</span> (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>107d</span>, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Lond.</span>121.505, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>9.1</span>; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς <span class="bibl">Lys.2.78</span>; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">Men.16.2</span> D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ σὸς δ. κακός</b> ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Art.</span>15</span>; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>112a37</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">δαίμονες, οἱ,</b> <b class="b2">souls of men of the golden age</b>, acting as tutelary deities, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 122</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1348</span>, <span class="bibl">Phoc.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.115.5</span>, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392a</span>: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>314</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε</b>, of the deified Darius, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>620</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ</b>., of Alcestis, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1003</span> (lyr.), cf.<span class="title">IG</span>12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of <b class="b2">departed souls</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>24</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν</b>, = <b class="b2">Dis Manibus</b>, IG14.1683; so <b class="b3">θεοὶ δ</b>., ib.938, al.: also, [[ghost]], <span class="bibl">Paus.6.6.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[spiritual]] or <b class="b2">semi-divine being</b> inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., <span class="bibl">Sallust.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>183</span>, etc.; esp. <b class="b2">evil spirit, demon</b>, Ev.Matt.8.31, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>8.2.5</span>; φαῦλοι δ. <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>2.46</span>; <b class="b3">δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον</b>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.4</span>; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1227. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀγαθὸς δ</b>. <b class="b2">the Good Genius</b> to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>525</span>, <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.20</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.4.3</span>, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.15.675b</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.9.39.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης <span class="title">OGI</span>666.3; of the Nile, <b class="b3">ἀ. δ. ποταμός</b> ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.9 (Halic.): pl., <b class="b3">δαίμονες ἀ</b>., = Lat. <b class="b2">Di Manes</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., <b class="b3">ἀγαθός, κακός δ</b>., names of celestial <b class="b3">κλῆροι</b>, Paul.Al.<span class="title">N.</span>4, <span class="title">O.</span>1, etc. (Less correctly written <b class="b3">Ἀγαθοδαίμων</b>, q.v.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> = [[δαήμων]], [[knowing]], <b class="b3">δ. μάχης</b> <b class="b2">skilled in</b> fight, <span class="bibl">Archil.3.4</span>. (<span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>398b</span>, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write <b class="b3">δαήμονες</b> in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however <b class="b3">αἵμων</b>. More probably the Root of <b class="b3">δαίμων</b> ([[deity]]) is <b class="b3">δαίω</b> <b class="b2">to distribute destinies;</b>; cf. <span class="bibl">Alcm.48</span>.)</span>

|etymtx=-ονος<br />Grammatical information: m. f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">godlike power, god</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Adj. <b class="b3">δαιμόνιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to δ.</b> (Il.); on <b class="b3">δαιμόνιε</b> s. E. Brunius-Nilsson <b class="b3">Δαιμόνιε</b>. Diss. Uppsala 1955; n. <b class="b3">δαιμόνιον</b> <b class="b2">godlike power</b>, "daimonion" (Ion.-Att.); <b class="b3">δαιμονικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Plu.); <b class="b3">δαιμονιακός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (PMag. Osl. 1, 143); <b class="b3">δαιμονιώδης</b> <b class="b2">like a δ.</b> (Ep. Jac., Prokl.). - Rare and late <b class="b3">δαιμονίς</b> (Procl.) and <b class="b3">δαιμόνισσα</b> (PMag. Leid. W. 16, 48). - On <b class="b3">δαιμονή</b> (Alkm. 69?), s. Schwyzer 524. - Denomin. <b class="b3">δαιμονάω</b> <b class="b2">be possessed by a δ.</b> (A.), <b class="b3">δαιμονιάω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Phld.), <b class="b3">δαιμονητιᾳ̃ δαιμονίζεται</b>. <b class="b3">Κρῆτες</b> H., after verbs of disease in <b class="b3">-άω</b>, <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> and <b class="b3">-ητιάω</b> (Schwyzer 731f.); <b class="b3">δαιμονίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Philem.) with <b class="b3">δαιμονισμός</b> (Vett. Val.), <b class="b2">become a god</b> (S. Fr. 173, H.); <b class="b3">δαιμονιάζομαι</b> = <b class="b3">δαιμονιάω</b> (pap.). - Often as 2. member of compounds: bahuvrihi (<b class="b3">βαρυ-</b>, <b class="b3">δυσ-</b>); substantives (<b class="b3">ἀγαθο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνθρωπο-</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [175] <b class="b2">*deh₂-(i-)</b> [[cut]], [[divide]]<br />Etymology: To [[δαίομαι]] (s. v.), as [[divider]] (cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 363); cf. OP <b class="b2">baga-</b>, OCS [[bogъ]] [[god]] beside Av. <b class="b2">baga-</b> [[part]], Skt. <b class="b2">bhága-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, to <b class="b2">bhájati</b> [[divide]]. Not prop. "Zerreißer, Fresser (der Leichen)" as god of death, which does not fit the meaning of <b class="b3">δαίμων</b>. - See Nilsson Gr. Rel.2 1, 216ff. On more recent developments s. Chantraine CRAI 1954, 452-5.