λέπω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">peel (off)</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">λέψαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">λέψω</b> (Il.), perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἀπο-λέλεμμαι</b> (Epich.), aor. pass. <b class="b3">ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη</b> H.; also with ablaut <b class="b3">λέλαμμαι</b> (Att. inscr. around 330a), <b class="b3">ἐκ-λαπῆναι</b> (Ar. Fr. 164),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">repoto \/leptos\/</b>.<br />Compounds: Sometimes with <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> (s. above), <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With <b class="b3">ε-</b>grade (from the present): 1. <b class="b3">λεπτός</b> (cf. <b class="b3">στρεπ-τός</b> a.o. in Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1,17) [[peeled]] = [[unveiled]] (Υ 497), <b class="b2">thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate</b> (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened <b class="b3">λεπτ-αλέος</b> [[weak]], [[fine]] (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), <b class="b3">λεπτ-ακινός</b>'id.' (AP; from <b class="b3">*λέπταξ</b> ?, Bechtel Lex. s. <b class="b3">φυζακινός</b>); further <b class="b3">λεπτίον</b> [[beaker]] (pap.) from <b class="b3">λεπτόν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">κεράμιον</b>) <b class="b2">thin earthenware</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">λεπτάγιον</b> kind of vase? (PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = <b class="b3">λεπτόγειον</b> <b class="b2">barren land</b>), <b class="b3">λεπτάριον</b> name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); <b class="b3">λεπτίτιδες κριθαί</b> kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 113); <b class="b3">λεπτότης</b> f. <b class="b2">thinness, leanness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">λεπτοσύνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP); <b class="b3">λεπτύνω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> <b class="b2">make thin etc. resp. become</b> (Hp., X., Arist.) with <b class="b3">λεπτυσμός</b>, <b class="b3">λέπτυνσις</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">-υντικός</b> (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. <b class="b3">λεπρός</b> <b class="b2">scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw</b> (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. <b class="b3">λεπράς</b> (Theoc., Opp.); <b class="b3">λέπρα</b>, ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b> [[efflorescence]], [[leprosy]] (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an <b class="b3">ρ-</b>stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with <b class="b3">λεπρώδης</b> <b class="b2">with unevennesses, leprous</b> (Ael., Dsc., medic.), <b class="b3">λεπρικός</b> <b class="b2">regarding efflorescence</b> (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs <b class="b3">λεπράω</b> <b class="b2">become scaly, efflorescent</b> (Ion.), also <b class="b3">λεπρ-ιάω</b> (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in <b class="b3">-ιάω</b>); <b class="b3">λεπρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">become efflorescent</b> (LXX, pap.) with <b class="b3">λέπρωσις</b> = <b class="b3">λέπρα</b> (Tz.), <b class="b3">λεπρύνομαι</b> <b class="b2">besome scaly, uneven</b> (Nic.). - 3. <b class="b3">λέπος</b> n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with <b class="b3">λέπιον</b> (Hp.), usu. <b class="b3">λεπίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. (Ion. hell.) <b class="b2">scale, shell, pod, metal plate</b> with dimin. <b class="b3">λεπίδιον</b> (Hero), also as plant-name [[pepperwort]] (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), <b class="b3">λεπιδίσκη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Imbros IIa); further <b class="b3">λεπιδ-ωτός</b> [[scaly]] (Hdt., Arist.), with <b class="b3">λεπιδόομαι</b> <b class="b2">become scaly</b> (Hp.); other denomin.: <b class="b3">λεπίζω</b> (: <b class="b3">λέπος</b> or <b class="b3">λεπίς</b>) <b class="b2">remove the scale etc., peel off</b> (hell.) with <b class="b3">λέπισμα</b> [[scale]] (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); <b class="b3">ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον</b>. H. (:<b class="b3">λεπόω</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>); note <b class="b3">λέπασμα</b> [[pod]], [[skin]] (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from <b class="b3">λέπος</b> as from <b class="b3">*λεπάζω</b>. - 4. On <b class="b3">λεπάς</b>, <b class="b3">λέπας</b> s. v. - 5. <b class="b3">λέπυρον</b> [[scale]], [[pod]] (LXX, Batr.) with <b class="b3">λεπυρώδης</b> <b class="b2">like scales</b> (Thphr.); <b class="b3">λεπύρ-ιον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> <b class="b2">like scales, consisting of ...</b> (Arist., Thphr.), <b class="b3">λεπυρίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be enveloped by a scale</b> (sch.), <b class="b3">λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι</b> H.; besides <b class="b3">λεπυρός</b> <b class="b2">in a scale</b> (Nic.); on the <b class="b3">υ-</b>stem beside <b class="b3">λέπρ-α</b>, <b class="b3">λέπος</b> cf. e. g. <b class="b3">αἶσχος</b>. On itself stands <b class="b3">λεπύχανον</b> <b class="b2">coat (of an onion), fruit-schale</b> (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with <b class="b3">λάχανον</b>, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With <b class="b3">ο-</b>grade. 6. <b class="b3">λοπός</b> m. [[scale]], [[rind]] (τ 233, Hp.) with <b class="b3">λόπιμος</b> <b class="b2">easy to peel off</b>, (Nic., Gal.), <b class="b3">λόπιμα κάστανα</b> ... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 101; dimin. <b class="b3">λοπάς</b> f. [[dish]], also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with <b class="b3">λοπάδ-ιον</b> (com., pap.), <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> (sch.); <b class="b3">λοπίς</b> <b class="b2">scale, dish etc.</b> (Ar., inscr.) with <b class="b3">λοπίδιον</b> (Delos); denomin. <b class="b3">λοπάω</b> <b class="b2">scale off, let the bark peel off</b> (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">λοπητός</b> m. <b class="b2">time to be peeled off</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">λοπίζω</b> <b class="b2">be peeled off</b> (Thphr., pap.). -7. On <b class="b3">ἔλλοψ</b> s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. <b class="b3">λώπη</b> [[pod]], [[coat]] (Od., Theoc., A. R.), <b class="b3">λῶπος</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in <b class="b3">λωπο-δύ-της</b> m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", <b class="b2">thief of clothes</b> with <b class="b3">λωποδυτ-έω</b> etc. (Att.); suffixless form <b class="b3">λώψ χλαμύς</b> H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. <b class="b3">λώπιον</b> (Arist., inscr.); denomin. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-λωπίζω</b> <b class="b2">undress, put off</b> (S., Hyp.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The primary thematic present <b class="b3">λέπω</b>, from which all verbal forms were derived (<b class="b3">λέλαμμαι</b>, <b class="b3">-λαπῆναι</b> innovations after <b class="b3">ἔστραμμαι</b>, <b class="b3">στραφῆναι</b> etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. <b class="b2">lãpas</b> [[leaf]], Alb. <b class="b2">lapë</b> [[rag]], [[leaf]], [[peritoneum]] (: <b class="b3">λοπός</b>), Lith. <b class="b2">lõpas</b> [[rag]], [[piece]] (: <b class="b3">λῶπος</b>; also OE [[lōf]] m. <b class="b2">band of the forehead</b>??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. <b class="b2">lápotь</b> <b class="b2">shoe of bark</b> (<b class="b2">lapotók</b> [[rag]], [[piece]]); quite doubtful OE [[leber]], [[læfer]] f. <b class="b2">rush, cane, metal plate</b> (: <b class="b3">λέπρα</b>?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With <b class="b3">λέπος</b> one compared also Lat. <b class="b2">s-</b>stem [[lepōs]] <b class="b2">fine-ness, delicacy</b>, and the Slav. extension in Russ. <b class="b2">lépest</b> <b class="b2">rag, piece, leaf of a flower</b>. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. [[lepidus]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lãpas</b>, <b class="b2">lõpas</b>, also <b class="b2">lèpti</b> <b class="b2">be coddled</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lépest</b>, <b class="b2">lápotь</b>, <b class="b2">lópotõk</b>; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms <b class="b3">λεπάγιον</b>, <b class="b3">λεπακινός</b>, <b class="b3">λέπασμα</b>, <b class="b3">λέπυρον</b>, <b class="b3">λεπύχανον</b>, <b class="b3">λέπρα</b>, <b class="b3">λώψ</b>, <b class="b3">λῶπος</b> etc. The verb may be compared with <b class="b3">ὀλόπτω</b> and [[ὀλούφω]], which would also point to a non-IE word.