καίω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[kindle]], midd. pass. [[burn]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">κάω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">καῦσαι</b>, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 12, 374, 96; 261) <b class="b3">κῆαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">καῆναι</b> (ep. ion.), <b class="b3">καυθῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">καύσω</b>, perf. <b class="b3">κέκαυκα</b>, <b class="b3">κέκαυ(σ)μαι</b> (IA.),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">apu-kekaumeno</b>; [[pukawo]] \/[[purkawos]]\/<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>,<br />Derivatives: -1. <b class="b3">καῦμα</b> [[fire]], [[heat]], [[glow]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">καυματ-ώδης</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-ίας</b> (Thphr.; of the sun) [[burning]], [[glowing]], <b class="b3">καυματίζω</b> [[burn]], [[singe]] (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. <b class="b3">καῦσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἔγκαυσις</b> etc.) [[burning]] (IA.) with (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-)καύσιμος</b> [[inflamable]] (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 49f.). - 3. <b class="b3">καῦσος</b> m. <b class="b2">causus, bilious remittent fever etc.</b> (Hp., Arist.), from <b class="b3">καῦσαι</b> or rather with <b class="b3">σο-</b>suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there <b class="b3">καυσία</b> <b class="b2">Macedonian hat against the sun</b>, <b class="b3">καύσων</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also <b class="b2">heat, hot wind etc.</b> (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), <b class="b3">καυσώδης</b> [[burning]], [[hot]] (Hp., Thphr.), <b class="b3">καυσόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">have causus, burn: heaten</b> (medic., NT, pap.) with <b class="b3">καύσωμα</b> [[heating]] (Gal.). - 4. <b class="b3">καυ(σ)τήρ</b> m. <b class="b2">burner, burning iron</b> (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. <b class="b3">καυστειρῆς</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">μάχης</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">καμίνου</b> (Nic.), from <b class="b3">*καύστειρα</b> (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); <b class="b3">καυτήριον</b> [[branding iron]], [[brand]] (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. <b class="b3">καυτηρίδιον</b> (Gal.), denomin. verb <b class="b3">καυτηριάζω</b> [[brand]] (Str., NT). - 5. <b class="b3">καύστης</b> m. <b class="b2">heater etc.</b> (pap.). - 6. <b class="b3">καύστρα</b> f. <b class="b2">place where corpses were burnt</b> (Str., inscr.). - 7. <b class="b3">καυστικός</b>, rare <b class="b3">καυτ-</b> [[burning]], [[inflamable]] (Arist.). - 8. <b class="b3">καυθμός</b> <b class="b2">scorching (of trees), firewood</b> (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἔγκαυ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, -(<b class="b3">σ)τής</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στον</b> (> Lat. [[encaustum]]; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. [[encre]]); <b class="b3">ὑπόκαυ-σις</b>, <b class="b3">-στης</b>, <b class="b3">-στήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-στρα</b> a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with <b class="b3">καίω</b> became less clear because of phonetic developments: [[κᾶλον]] [[wood]], [[κηλέος]] [[burning]], [[blazing]], [[κηώδης]], <b class="b3">κηώεις</b> [[smelling]], <b class="b3">κηυα</b> meaning uncertain; <b class="b3">πυρκαι</b>ά, <b class="b3">πυρκαίη</b>, adj. <b class="b3">-ιός</b> s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] <b class="b2">*keh₂u-</b> [[burn]]<br />Etymology: As <b class="b3">καίω</b> may stand for <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b> (from where Att. <b class="b3">κάω</b>; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on <b class="b3">καυ-</b>, <b class="b3">καϜ-</b> except <b class="b3">ἔ-κη-α</b> for <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> (often written with false <b class="b3">-ει-</b> in <b class="b3">κείαντο</b> etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1 , 9; Att. <b class="b3">κέαντος</b> with metathesis). In <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηϜ-α</b> an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from <b class="b3">*ἔ-κηυ-σ-α</b>); the full grade also in ep. <b class="b3">κηλέος</b>, <b class="b3">κηώδης</b>, and in Delph. <b class="b3">κηυα</b>, which shows a PGr. <b class="b3">κηϜ-</b> beside <b class="b3">καϜ-</b>. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. <b class="b2">kū̃lės</b> <b class="b2">Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides</b>, <b class="b2">kūlé̇ti</b> <b class="b2">brandig werden</b>, Latv. <b class="b2">kũla</b> <b class="b2">old, dry, grass of last year</b> (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade <b class="b2">kū-</b> (< <b class="b2">*kuH-</b>) beside fullgr. <b class="b2">*keh₂us-</b> in <b class="b3">ἔ-κηϜ-α</b>, zero grade <b class="b2">*kh₂u̯-</b> in <b class="b3">*κάϜ-ι̯ω</b>, <b class="b3">καῦ-μα</b>. Of course rather unncertain.