δέκα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=οἱ, αἱ, τά, indecl., <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ten]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.372</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.160</span>, etc.; οἱ δ. <b class="b2">the Ten</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.18.6</span>; ἡ τῶν δ. τυραννίς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>41.2</span>; also <b class="b3">οἱ δ</b>. the <b class="b2">Attic Orators</b>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.1.14</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δέκα [ἔτη] ἀφ' ἥβης</b> those who are [[ten]] years past <span class="bibl">20</span> (the age of military service), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.4.23</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἄνδρες</b>, = Lat. [[decemviri]], <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Hann.</span>56</span>: compds. (not in early writers, but usu. in Hellenistic Gr.) δεκᾰ-είς, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>2.34, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Num.</span>3</span>: δεκαδύο, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>5.509.10</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>22.1013.31 (ii/i B.C.), <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>19.7</span>: δεκατρεῖς, <span class="bibl">D.47.77</span>,81, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>644.5</span> (i A.D.): δεκατέσσαρες, α, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.36.11</span>, etc.; Delph. δεκατέτορες <span class="title">SIG</span>241<span class="title">A</span>2 (iv B.C.): δεκαπέντε, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span>12.17</span> (iii B.C., prob.), <span class="bibl">D.S.2.13</span> codd.; Thess. δεκαπέμπε <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).553.13 (Larisa, i B.C.): δεκαέξ, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>2.40,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.379.6</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>46.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.2.5.42</span>: δεκαεπτά, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>5.509.13</span> (iii B.C.), v.l. in <span class="bibl">D.S.12.36</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>5.11.4</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.114</span>, etc.: δεκαοκτώ, <span class="title">IG</span> 2.1054.47, <span class="bibl">Cleonid.<span class="title">Harm.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>13.11</span>: δεκαεννέα, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.396.12</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">D.S.12.71</span>, Plu.2.932b:—hence δεκα-έννατος, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[nineteenth]], ἡμέρα <span class="bibl">Lyd.<span class="title">Ost.</span>18</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: numeral<br />Meaning: [[ten]] (Il.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἕν-</b>, <b class="b3">δώ-</b>, also <b class="b3">δυώ-</b>, <b class="b3">δυό-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Inherited (s. below) <b class="b3">δέκατος</b> (Arc. Lesb. <b class="b3">δέκοτος</b> cf. Arc. <b class="b3">δυώδεκο</b>) [[tenth]]; f. <b class="b3">δεκάτη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">μερίς</b>) <b class="b2">the tenth</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δεκατεύω</b> <b class="b2">exact tithe</b> (Ion.-Att.), with <b class="b3">δεκάτευμα</b> (Call.), <b class="b3">δεκάτευσις</b> (D. H.), <b class="b3">δεκατεία</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">δεκατευτής</b> (Harp.) and <b class="b3">δεκατευτήριον</b> [[customhouse]] (X.); rare <b class="b3">δεκατόω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ep. Hebr.); <b class="b3">δεκατός</b> <b class="b2">sentenced to a fine of one tenth of ones property</b> (Cyren.), haplol. for <b class="b3">δεκα[τω]τός</b> or <b class="b3">δεκα[τευ]τός</b>; - <b class="b3">δεκάτη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμέρα</b>) <b class="b2">the tenth day of the month or after the birth of a child, when the name-giving occurred</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δεκαταῖος</b> (Pl.) and <b class="b3">δεκατισταί</b> (Bithynia; s. Chantr. Form. 318f.). - <b class="b3">δεκάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">decade, groop of ten, esp. soldiers</b>, <b class="b3">δεκαδεύς</b> <b class="b2">member of a decade</b> (X.) also <b class="b2">president of a college of ten men</b> (Trozen), <b class="b3">δεκαδικός</b> (Herm. Alex. in Phdr.), <b class="b3">δεκαδιστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ίστρια</b> (Delos) = <b class="b3">δεκατιστής</b>; Thphr. Char. 27, 11 (s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 71). - <b class="b3">δεκανός</b> [[decurio]], [[surveyor]] with <b class="b3">δεκανία</b>, <b class="b3">δεκανικός</b> (pap., cf. Mayser pap. 12 : 3, 88), Macedonian (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 401 n. 2). - Isolated denomin. <b class="b3">δεκάζω</b> <b class="b2">bribe (the judges)</b> (Att.) s.v. with <b class="b3">δεκασμός</b> (D. H.)s. Oldfather P.-W. 13, 2398f. - Uncertain OAtt. <b class="b3">δεκᾶν</b> (IG 12, 919).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [191] *deḱm̥ [[ten]].<br />Etymology: Gr. <b class="b3">δέκα</b>, Lat. [[decem]], Skt. <b class="b2">dáśa</b> a.o. from IE <b class="b2">*déḱm</b>. Beside it a collektive <b class="b2">t-</b>formation (Sommer Zum Zahlwort 21 n. 1; also on <b class="b3">δεκάκις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιν</b>) in Skt. <b class="b2">daśát</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">dẽšimt</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętь</b>, Alb. <b class="b2">djetë</b> [[ten]], also in the ordinals <b class="b3">δέκατος</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">dešim̃tas</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętъ</b>, Goth. [[taihunda]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*déḱm̥tos</b> (but s. Meillet BSL 29, 29f.). Lat. [[decimus]], Skt. <b class="b2">daśamá-</b> however from <b class="b2">*dḱm̥mos</b>. - Collective <b class="b3">δεκάς</b> is a Greek innovation: on the suffix (= Hitt. <b class="b2">-ant</b>\/<b class="b2">d-</b>) Sommer Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 4, 1ff. - Lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[decem]]; also Brandenstein Die erste idg. Wanderung (Wien 1936) 22. S. also [[εἴκοσι]] and [[ἑκατόν]].