γίγνομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and after Arist. γίνομαι [ῑ], (Att. Inscrr. have <b class="b3">γιγν-</b> in fifth and fourth cent., cf. <span class="title">IG</span>2.11.9, 1055.25, etc.); Thess. γίνυμαι <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.22; Boeot. γίνιουμαι ib.7.3303: fut. <b class="b3">γενήσομαι</b>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐγενόμην</b> (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἐγενάμην <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Je.</span>14.1</span>, al. (προ-) Decr.Byz. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.90</span>), Ion. 2sg. γένευ <span class="bibl">Il.5.897</span>, 3sg. γενέσκετο <span class="bibl">Od.11.208</span>, ἔγεντο <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>705</span>, Sapph.16, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.87</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.20</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>4.492 (Mycenae), prob.in <span class="title">Scol.</span> 19; Ep. γέντο <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>199</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.98.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>1.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.27</span>, etc. (gṇ-το): pf. γέγονα <span class="bibl">Il.19.122</span>, etc.: 3pl. γέγοναν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>21.6</span>: plpf. ἐγεγόνει <span class="bibl">Lys.31.17</span>, etc.; Ion. ἐγεγόνεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>; Ep. forms (as if from pf. <b class="b3">γέγᾰα</b>), 2pl. γεγάᾱτε <span class="bibl">Batr.143</span>; γεγάᾱσι <span class="bibl">Il.4.325</span>, freq. in Od.: 3pl. <b class="b3">γεγᾱκᾰσιν</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">Emp.23.10</span>: 3dual plpf. <b class="b3">ἐκ-γεγάτην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.10.138</span>; inf. <b class="b3">γεγάμεν [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.110</span>, (ἐκ) <span class="bibl">Il.5.248</span>, etc.; part. <b class="b3">γεγᾰώς -ᾰυῖα</b>, pl. -ᾰῶτες, -ᾰυῖαι Hom., etc., contr. γεγώς, -ῶσα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>472</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>406</span>; inf. γεγᾱκειν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.49</span>: Med. forms <b class="b3">ἐκγεγάασθε</b> Epigr.<span class="bibl">Hom.16</span>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-γεγάονται</b> (in fut. sense) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span>197</span> (s.v.l.):—Pass. forms, fut. <b class="b3">γενηθήσομαι</b> (only in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>141e</span>, <b class="b3">οὔτε γενήσεται, οὔτε γενηθήσεται</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">in Prm.</span>p.963</span> S.): aor. ἐγενήθην <span class="bibl">Epich.209</span>, <span class="bibl">Archyt.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>6.8.32</span>,<span class="bibl">7.3</span>, later Att., <span class="bibl">Philem. 95.2</span> and <span class="bibl">167</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.630b10 (i B. C.) and Hellenistic Gk., <span class="bibl">Plb.2.67.8</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.13.51</span>: pf. γεγένημαι <span class="bibl">Simon.69</span>, freq. in Att. Poets and Prose, in Att. inscr. first in cent. iv, <span class="title">IG</span>2.555: 3pl. γεγενέανται Philet. ap.<span class="bibl">Eust.1885.51</span>: plpf. ἐγεγένητο <span class="bibl">Th.7.18</span>, al.; cf. [[γείνομαι]]:—<b class="b2">come into a new state of being</b>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[come into being]] opp. <b class="b3">εἶναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.17.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>102e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>29a</span>; and so, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of persons, [[to be born]], <b class="b3">νέον γεγαώς</b> new [[born]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.400</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας</b> [[born]] (and so [[living]]) under Tmolus, <span class="bibl">Il.2.866</span>; ἢ πρόσθε θανεῖν ἢ ἔπειτα γ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>175</span>; <b class="b3">γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ'… ἐκράνθη</b> [[at our birth]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>347</span>; γ. ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">Il.5.548</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.11</span>; πατρὸς ἐκ ταὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>406</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.136</span>; σέθεν… ἐξ αἵματος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 142</span>; less freq. ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.22</span>, etc.; ἐσθλῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>380</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γεγονέναι κακῶς, καλῶς</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>218</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.37</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κάλλιον, εὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.146</span>, <span class="bibl">3.69</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι</b> not <b class="b2">to have been born</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>401</span>: freq. with Numerals, ἔτεα τρία καὶ δέκα γεγονώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.119</span>; ἀμφὶ τὰ πέντε ἢ ἑκκαίδεκα ἔτη γενόμενος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.16</span>; γεγονὼς ἔτη περὶ πεντήκοντα <span class="bibl">D. 21.154</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονότες</b> <b class="b2">those of an age</b> beyond... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.4</span>: c. gen., γεγονὼς πλειόνων ἐτῶν ἢ πεντήκοντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 951c</span>, etc.: rarely with ordinals, ὀγδοηκοστὸν ἔτος γεγονώς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Macr.</span> 22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[to be produced]], ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ <span class="bibl">Od.9.51</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ὄλλυσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.13</span>,<span class="bibl">40</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπόλλυσθαι</b>, Anaxag.17, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>527b</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπολείπειν</b>, Diog. Apoll.7; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπολήγειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.17.30</span>; τὰ γιγνόμενα καὶ ἐξ ὧν γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>27a</span>; ἁπλῇ διηγήσει ἢ διὰ μιμήσεως γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>392d</span>; ὁ ἐκ τῆς χώρας γιγνόμενος σῖτος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.6.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν ἀγρῷ γιγνόμενα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">2.9.4</span>; of profits, καρποὶ οἱ ἐξ ἀγελῶν γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ ἆθλα ἀπὸ τεττάρων ταλάντων ἐγένοντο</b> <b class="b2">were the produce of</b>, i.e. [[were worth]], <span class="bibl">4</span> talents, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.7</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων γενόμενον ἀργύριον</b> [[produced by]] [the ransom of]... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>5.3.4</span>; of sums, <b class="b3">ὁ γεγονὼς ἀριθμὸς τῶν ψήφων</b> the [[total]] of the votes, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>; <b class="b3">ἕκατον εἴκοσι στατήρων γίγνονται τρισχίλιαι τριακόσιαι ἑξήκοντα [δραχμαί</b>] <span class="bibl">120</span> staters [[amount to]] <span class="bibl">3</span>,<span class="bibl">360</span> drachmae, <span class="bibl">D.34.24</span>; so in Math., of [[products]], ὁ ἐξ αὐτῶν γενόμενος ἀριθμός <span class="bibl">Euc.7.24</span>; <b class="b3">ἀριθμὸς γενόμενος ἑκατοντάκις</b> [[multiplied]] by <span class="bibl">100</span>, <span class="bibl">Papp.10.13</span>; of times of day, ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Th.7.81</span>, etc.; ἕως ἂν φῶς γένηται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>311a</span>; ἅμα ἕῳ γιγνομένῃ <span class="bibl">Th.4.32</span>; of Time in general, [[elapse]], διέτης χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε ταῦτα πρήσσουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>; χρόνου γενομένου <span class="bibl">D.S.20.109</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[falldue]], οἱ γιγνόμενοι δασμοί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.8</span>; τοὺς τόκους τοὺς γ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.37</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τίμημα τὸ γ., τὸ γ. ἀργύριον</b>, <span class="bibl">D.24.82</span>, Syngr. ap. eund.<span class="bibl">35.11</span>; τὸ γ. μέρος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.33</span>; τὸ γ. τοῖ πλήθι τᾶς ζαμίαυ <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6<span class="title">A</span>20 (Tegea, iv B. C.): c. dat., τὸ γ. τινὶ ἔλαιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span> 19.32</span> (ii B. C.); τοῖς γείτοσι τὸ γ. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>97</span>; τὰ γ. [[dues]], PHib.1.92 and 111 (iii B. C.): hence <b class="b3">γιγνόμενος</b> [[regular]], [[normal]], <b class="b3">τίμημα, χάρις</b>, <span class="bibl">D. 38.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς γ. ἡμέραις</b> in the [[usual number]] of days, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.4.51</span>; freq. in later Gk., as <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of events, <b class="b2">take place, come to pass</b>, and in past tenses [[to be]], καί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο <span class="bibl">Il.13.86</span>, etc.; μάχη ἐγεγόνει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>153b</span>, etc.; ἐκεχειρία γίγνεταί τισι πρὸς ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Th.4.58</span>; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γίγνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.47</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα εἰώθει γ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">84</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ Ὀλύμπια γίγνεται, τραγῳδοὶ γίγνονται</b>, [[are held]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.41</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ψήφισμα γ</b>. [[is passed]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">πιστὰ γ., ὅρκοι γ</b>., pledges [[are given]], oaths [[taken]], ib.<span class="bibl">7.4.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.158</span>; <b class="b3">γίγνεταί τι ὑπό τινος</b> (masc.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.1.30</span>, (neut.) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>200e</span>; τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Th.6.88</span>; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.<span class="title">Praef.</span>; ὕβρισμα ἐκ τῶν Σαμίων γενόμενον <span class="bibl">Id.3.48</span>; ἀπό τινος γ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.30</span>; παρά τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>614a</span>; <b class="b3">ὃ μὴ γένοιτο</b> which [[God forbid]], <span class="bibl">D.10.27</span>,<span class="bibl">28.21</span>; but <b class="b3">γένοιτο</b>, = <span class="title">Amen</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>25.1</span>; <b class="b3">γένοιτο γένοιτο</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span>71(72).19</span>: Math., <b class="b3">γεγονέτω</b> [[suppose it done]], <span class="bibl">Euc.6.23</span>, etc.; γέγονε [[it is done]], Apoc.16.17: c. dat. et part., <b class="b3">γίγνεταί τί μοι βουλομένῳ, ἀσμένῳ</b> (v. <b class="b3">βούλομαι, ἄσμενος</b>) <b class="b3">; οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε ἐλπομένῳ τὰ γένοιτο</b>, i.e. I could not hope to see these things [[take place]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.228</span>; ἡδομένοισι ἡμῖν οἱ λόγοι γεγόνασι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.46</span>, etc.; of sacrifices, omens, etc., <b class="b3">οὐ γάρ σφι ἐγίνετο τὰ σφάγια χρηστά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">61</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">62</span>; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.9</span>: abs., <b class="b3">τὰ διαβατήρια ἐγ</b>. [[were favourable]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.55</span>; θυομένῳ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱερά <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.17</span>: in neut. part., <b class="b3">τὸ γενόμενον</b> <b class="b2">the event, the fact</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ γενόμενα</b> [[the facts]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.9</span>, etc.; τὸ γιγνόμενον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ γεγενημένα</b> [[the past]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.2.14</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ γενησόμενον</b> [[the future]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.138</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ γεγονότα</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὄντα, μέλλοντα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>896a</span>: of Time, ὡς τρίτη ἡμέρη τῷ παιδίῳ ἐκκειμένῳ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.113</span>; ἕως ἄν τινες χρόνοι γένωνται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 108c</span>; but in pf. and plpf., [[to have passed]], ὡς διετὴς χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>; πρὶν ἓξ μῆνας γεγονέναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>320a</span>: impers., <b class="b3">ἐγένετο</b> or <b class="b3">γέγονεν ὥστε</b>… <b class="b2">it happened, came to pass</b> that... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.3.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc. 6.40</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐγένετο, ὡς ἤκουσεν… καὶ ἐθυμώθη</b> <b class="b2">it came to pass</b>, when he heard… that... <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>39.19</span>; ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ πορεύεσθαι… καὶ διήρχετο <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>17.11</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">γίνεται εὑρεῖν</b> [[it is possible]] to find, <span class="bibl">Thgn.639</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγένετο</b>, c. acc. et inf., <b class="b2">it came to pass</b> that, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>9.3</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.135.10</span> (ii A. D.): c. dat. et inf., ἐάν σοι γένηται στραφῆναι <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span> 23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> folld. by a Predicate, [[come into]] a certain state, [[become]], and (in past tenses), [[to be]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> folld. by Nouns and Adjs., δηΐοισι δὲ χάρμα γ. <span class="bibl">Il.6.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.282</span>; σωτὴρ γενοῦ μοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>2</span>; κωλυτὴς γ. τινός <span class="bibl">Th.3.23</span>; [οὖροι] νηῶν πομπῆες γ. <span class="bibl">Od.4.362</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πάντα δὲ γιγνόμενος πειρήσεται</b> [[turning]] every way, ib.<span class="bibl">417</span>; <b class="b3">παντοῖος γ</b>., folld. by <b class="b3">μή</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.124</span>; παντοῖος γ. δεόμενος <span class="bibl">Id.7.10</span>.γ; ἐκ πλουσίου πένης γ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.28</span>; δημοτικὸς ἐξ ὀλιγαρχικοῦ γ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>572d</span>: rarely c. part., <b class="b3">μὴ προδοὺς ἡμᾶς γένῃ</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">προδότης ἡμῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>588</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span> 773</span>; μὴ ἀπαρνηθεὶς γένῃ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>217c</span>; ἀποτετραμμένοι ἐγένοντο <span class="bibl">Th. 3.68</span>, etc.: with Pron., <b class="b3">τί γένωμαι</b> <b class="b2">;</b> what <b class="b2">am I to become</b>, i.e. what is to become of me? <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>297</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.51</span>; οὐκ ἔχοντες ὅτι γένωνται <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>; less freq. with masc., οὐδ' ἔχω τίς ἂν γενοίμαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>905</span>; γίγνονται πάνθ' ὅτι βούλονται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>348</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in past tenses, <b class="b2">having ceased to be</b>, <b class="b3">ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός</b> the [[ex]]-strategus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>38.11</span> (i A. D.); <b class="b3">ἡ γ. γυνή τινος</b> the [[former]] wife, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>99.4</span> (i/ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Advbs., κακῶς χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.8</span>; <b class="b3">εὖ, καλῶς, ἡδέως γ</b>., [[it goes]] well, etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.24.97</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">To.</span> 7.9</span>; with personal construction, οἱ παρὰ Πλάτωνι δειπνήσαντες ἐς αὔριον ἡδέως γίγνονται Plu.2.127b; <b class="b3">δίχα γ. τοῦ σώματος</b> <b class="b2">to be parted from</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.20</span>; <b class="b3">τριχῇ γ</b>. [[to be]] in three divisions, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>6.2.16</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ἐμποδών, ἐκποδών</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>372</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.38</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> folld. by oblique cases of Nouns, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">γ. τῶν δικαστέων, τῶν γεραιτέρων</b>, [[become one of]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.25</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>107</span>, etc.; βουλῆς γεγονώς <span class="bibl">D.C.36.28</span> (cf. supr.<span class="bibl">1</span>.b); <b class="b2">fall to, belong to</b>, ἡ νίκη Ἀγησιλάου ἐγεγένητο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.20</span>; <b class="b2">to be under control of</b>, ὁ νοῦς ὅταν αὑτοῦ γένηται <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>660</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>250a</span> (s. v.l.); ὑμῶν αὐτῶν γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">D.4.7</span> (also ἐντὸς ἑωυτοῦ γ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.119</span>; ἐν ἑαυτῷ γ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.17</span>; ἐν σαυτοῦ γενοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>950</span>); τὴν πόλιν ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γινομένην <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>23</span>: of things, [[to be at]], i.e. [[cost]], so much, αἱ τριχίδες εἰ γενοίαθ' ἑκατὸν τοὐβολοῦ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>662</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> c. dat., [[fall to]], i. e. as wife, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Nu.</span>36.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">γ. ἀπὸ δείπνου, ἐκ θυσίας</b>, [[have done]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.78</span>, <span class="bibl">1.50</span>; <b class="b3">πολὺν χρόνον γ. ἀπό τινος</b> [[to be separated]] from... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.25</span>; <b class="b3">γ. εἴς τι</b> [[turn]] into, τὸ κακὸν γ. εἰς ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">Thgn.162</span>; freq. in LXX, ἐγενήθη μοι εἰς γυναῖκα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ge.</span>20.12</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς βρῶσιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>4.10</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς οὐδέν, εἰς κενόν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>5.36</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span> 3.5</span>; ἐς Αακεδαίμονα <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.38</span> (in Hom. even without Prep., ἐμὲ χρεὼ γ. <span class="bibl">Od.4.634</span>); <b class="b3">γ. τι εἴς τινα</b> [[comes]] to him, of a dowry, <span class="bibl">Is.3.36</span>; of a ward, <span class="bibl">And.1.117</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν τινι</b> [[to be]] out of sight, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.24</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γ</b>. [[disappear]] from... <span class="bibl">Paus.4.26.6</span>; γ. ἐν Χίῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.33</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γ. ἐν</b>... [[to be engaged]] in... <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν ποιήσει γινόμενοι</b> in poetry, <span class="bibl">Id.2.82</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν [πολέμῳ</b>] <span class="bibl">Th.1.78</span>; ἐν πείρᾳ γ. τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ὀργῇ, ἐν αἰτίᾳ πρός τινα γ</b>., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Flam.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rom.</span>7</span>; of things, <b class="b3">ἐν καιρῷ γ</b>. [[to be]] in season, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.2</span>; ἐν τύχῃ γ. τινί τι <span class="bibl">Th.4.73</span>; <b class="b3">γ. διὰ γηλόφων</b>, of a road, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.24</span>; but <b class="b3">δι' ἔχθρας γ. τινί</b> [[to be]] at enmity with, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1412</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ἐπὶ ποταμῷ</b> [[arrive]] or [[be]] at... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.189</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γ. ἐπί τινι</b> [[fall into]] or [[be in]] one's power, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.13</span>, etc.; ἐπὶ συμφοραῖς γ. <span class="bibl">D.21.58</span> codd. (<b class="b3">-ᾶς</b> Schaefer); <b class="b3">γ. ἐπί τινι</b>, also, [[to be set]] over... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.53</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ἐφ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν</b> [[to be]] alone, Aeschin.2. 36; γ. ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως <span class="bibl">D.C.43.48</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ἐπ' ἐλπίδος</b> [[to be]] in hope, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>14</span>: Math., <b class="b3">γ. ἐπὶ ἀριθμόν</b> [[to be multiplied]] into a number, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>3; <b class="b3">γ. κατά τινα</b> or τι [[to be]] near… or [[opposite to]]... in battle, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>4.2.18</span>; but <b class="b3">κατὰ ξυστάσεις γ</b>. [[to be formed]] into groups, <span class="bibl">Th.2.21</span>; καθ' ἓν γ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.10</span>; <b class="b3">καθ' αὑτοὺς γ</b>. [[to be]] alone, <span class="bibl">D.10.52</span>; <b class="b3">γ. μετὰ τοῦ θείου</b> [[to be]] with God, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.27</span>, etc.; ἡ νίκη γ. σύν τινι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ages.</span>2.13</span>; <b class="b3">γ. παρ' ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς πράγμασι</b> [[to be present]] on both sides, <span class="bibl">Th.5.26</span>; <b class="b3">γ. παρά τι</b> [[to depend]] upon... <span class="bibl">D.18.232</span>; <b class="b3">γ. περὶ τὸ συμβουλεύειν</b> [[to be engaged]] in... <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.12</span>; <b class="b3">γενοῦ πρός τινα</b> [[go]] to So-and-so, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>128</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γ. πρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ</b> [[to be at]] or [[near]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γ. πρός τινι</b> [[to be engaged]] in... <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.270</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.176</span>; <b class="b3">αὐτὸς πρὸς αὑτῷ</b> [[meditate]], Plu.2.151c; so γ. πρὸς τὸ ἰᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604d</span>; πρὸς παρασκευήν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.22.2</span>: impers., ἐπεὶ πρὸς ἡμέραν ἐγίγνετο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.6</span>; <b class="b3">γενέσθαι πρός τινων</b> [[to be]] inclined towards them, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.22</span>; <b class="b3">γ. πρὸ ὁδοῦ</b> [[to be]] forward on the way, <span class="bibl">Il.4.382</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ὑπό τινι</b> [[to be]] subject to... <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.64</span>; <b class="b3">γ. ὑπὸ ταῖς μηχαναῖς</b> [[to be]] under the protection of... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">γίγνεται</b> folld. by pl. nouns, ἵνα γίγνηται… ἀρχαί τε καὶ γάμοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>363a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>188b</span>; ἐγένετο… ἡμέραι ὀκτώ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.28</span>. (Cf. [[jánati]] 'procreate', [[jánas]] ( = [[γένος]]), Lat. [[gigno]], [[gnatus]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">be born, become, arise</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Ion. etc. <b class="b3">γίνομαι</b> (with assimilation and lengthening, Schwyzer 215), Thess. Boeot. <b class="b3">γίνυμαι</b> (innovation, Schwyzer 698), Cret. <b class="b3">γίννομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">γέγονα</b>, <b class="b3">γέγαμεν</b>, <b class="b3">γεγαώς</b>, Med. (new) <b class="b3">γεγένημαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">γενήσομαι</b>; recent Att. etc. <b class="b3">γενηθῆναι</b> and <b class="b3">γενηθήσομαι</b>; transitive <b class="b2">s-</b>aorist <b class="b3">γείνασθαι</b> (ep. etc., < <b class="b3">*γεν-σ-</b>; s. Schwyzer 756 and Wackernagel Unt. 175), alo <b class="b3">γεινόμεθα</b>, <b class="b3">-μενος</b> (either for <b class="b3">γί(γ)νομαι</b>, Schwyzer 715, or for <b class="b3">γεν-</b> with metrical lengthening); athemat. root aorist <b class="b3">ἔγεντο</b> (Hes.; analog. innovation, s. Schwyzer 678f. m. Lit.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">-γνη-τος</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">κασί-γνη-τος</b> [[brother]] (q.v.) and <b class="b3">-γν-ος</b> in <b class="b3">νεο-γν-ός</b> [[newborn]] (h. Hom.), with <b class="b3">ιο-</b> in <b class="b3">ὁμό-γν-ιος</b> <b class="b2">of the same origin</b><br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">γένος</b> (<b class="b3">γενικός</b>, <b class="b3">-γενής</b>) and <b class="b3">γόνος</b>, <b class="b3">γονή</b> (<b class="b3">γονεύς</b> [[parent]]). <b class="b3">γενεά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ή</b> [[lineage]] (Il.; s. Chantr. Form. 91). <b class="b3">γενέ-θλη</b> (Il.) and <b class="b3">γένε-θλον</b> (A.) <b class="b2">id.</b> with <b class="b3">γενέθλιος</b> and <b class="b3">γενεθλιακός</b>, <b class="b3">γενεθλίδιος</b>, <b class="b3">γενεθλίωμα</b>, <b class="b3">γενεθλιάζω</b>. <b class="b3">γενε-τή</b> [[birth]] (Hom.); hypocor. <b class="b3">Γενετυλλίς</b> name of Aphrodite as protectress of birth (Ar.;). <b class="b3">γένε-σις</b> [[birth]], [[origin]] (Il.). <b class="b3">γέν-να</b>(s. v.). - <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b> (Ion. Dor.) and <b class="b3">γενε-τήρ</b> (Arist.) [[begetter]]; on the diff. s. Benveniste Noms d'agent 46; fem. <b class="b3">γενέτειρα</b> (Pi.) ; <b class="b3">γενέ-της</b> (Ion.); with <b class="b3">γενέσια</b> n. pl. [[Parentalia]] (Hdt.). - <b class="b3">γνήσιος</b> [[of real birth]] (Il.) from <b class="b3">γνητός</b>. [[ἴγνητες]] s.vv. (<b class="b3">γνωτός</b>, <b class="b3">-τή</b> to <b class="b3">γιγνώσκω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [373] <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵonh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵnh₁-</b> [[beget]]<br />Etymology: Old verb: redupl. pres. <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b> = Lat. act. [[gignō]] [[beget]]; thematic aorist <b class="b3">ἐγένετο</b> = Skt. them. impf. <b class="b2">ájanata</b> (pres. <b class="b2">jánate</b>, <b class="b2">-ti</b> = lat. [[genit]]); perf. <b class="b3">γέγονα</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">jajā́na</b>. Nouns <b class="b3">γένος</b> (Skt. <b class="b2">jánas-</b>, Lat. [[genus]]) and <b class="b3">γόνος</b> (Skt. <b class="b2">jána-</b>); <b class="b3">γενέτωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γενετήρ</b> (IE <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>) = Lat. [[genitor]], Skt. <b class="b2">jánitar-</b> and <b class="b2">janitár-</b>, <b class="b3">γενέτειρα</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">jánitrī</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">genitrī-x</b>; <b class="b3">γένεσις</b> but with zero grade Skt. <b class="b2">jātí-</b> [[birth]], [[family]], Lat. <b class="b2">nāti-ō</b>, OE (<b class="b2">ge)cynd</b> ; <b class="b3">-γνητος</b> (<b class="b2">*ǵnh₁-tos</b>); <b class="b3">-γν-ος</b> in compounds (with loss of the laryngeal) = e. g. Lat. <b class="b2">prīvi-gn-us</b> [[born separately]] = [[stepchild]], <b class="b3">νεο-γν-ός</b>: Goth. <b class="b2">niu-kla-hs</b> [[as a child]] (< <b class="b2">*-kna-</b> < IE. <b class="b2">*-ǵnh₁-o-</b> dissimilated), also in NPhr. <b class="b3">ουεγνω</b> (<b class="b2">*sue-ǵnh₁-o-</b>); <b class="b3">-γν-ιος</b> in <b class="b3">ὁμόγν-ιος</b> = Gaul. <b class="b2">Abe-gnia</b>. - Many forms from different languages, s. Pok. 373ff.