φθίω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">ἔφθιον</b>, each once in Hom. (v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>), the common pres. being φθίνω, <span class="bibl">Od.5.161</span>, al. (also φθινύθω, q. v.): impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔφθῐνον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>77a</span>: fut. and aor. <b class="b3">φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα</b> and <b class="b3">ἔφθῐσα</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>): pf. <b class="b3">ἔφθῐκα</b> v. l. in Dsc.<span class="title">Praef.</span>6 (cf. [[φθινάω]]), (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">Or.</span>28.341d</span>:—Med. and Pass. (in same sense), fut. <b class="b3">φθίσομαι</b> (leg. <b class="b3">φθείσομαι</b>, in view of <b class="b3">φθείσω</b>, v. infr. 11) <span class="bibl">Il.11.821</span> (φθειται <span class="title">PGen.</span> (ii B. C.)), <span class="bibl">19.329</span>, <span class="bibl">24.86</span> (v.l.), <span class="bibl">Od.13.384</span>: aor. 1 <b class="b3">φθίσασθαι</b> (ἀπο-) <span class="bibl">Q.S. 14.545</span>: 3pl. aor. Pass. <b class="b3">ἔφθῐθεν</b>, v. [[ἀποφθίνω]]: aor. 2 ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span> (lyr.); ἔφθῐτο <span class="bibl">Il.18.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.1141</span> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">ἔφθιται</b>), <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>458</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>962</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>414</span> (lyr.); 3pl. ἐφθίατο <span class="bibl">Il.1.251</span>; imper. 3sg. <b class="b3">φθίσθω</b> (ἀπο-) <span class="bibl">8.429</span>; Ep. subj. φθίεται <span class="bibl">20.173</span>, φθιόμεσθα <span class="bibl">14.87</span>; opt. <b class="b3">φθίμην</b> (ἀπο-) <span class="bibl">Od.10.51</span>, <b class="b3">φθῖτο</b> (φθῖτ') <span class="bibl">11.330</span> (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf. φθίσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.246</span>, <span class="bibl">13.667</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.117</span>, <span class="bibl">15.354</span>, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">2.183</span> (always with incorrect v. l. <b class="b3">φθεῖσθαι</b>); part. <b class="b3">φθίμενος</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: rare in pf., ἔφθιται <span class="bibl">Od.20.340</span>, 3pl. ἐξ-έφθινται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>679</span> (lyr.). [Hom. has ῑ in <b class="b3">φθίῃς</b> (infr.<span class="bibl">1.2</span>), ῐ in <b class="b3">ἔφθιεν</b> (infr.), <b class="b3">φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται</b>: ῑ always in fut. and aor. <b class="b3">φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα</b> (sed v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>), cf. <b class="b3">φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος</b> (qq. v.): ῐ always in aor. and pf. Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses ῑ in <b class="b3">φθίνω</b> (prob. fr. <b class="b3">*φθῐ-νϝω</b>, cf. [[φθίνυθω]]) whereas ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use ῐ even in <b class="b3">ἔφθισα</b>, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. <b class="b3">ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις</b>: <b class="b3">φθῐ-</b> and <b class="b3">ψῐ-</b> correspond to Skt. <b class="b2">kṣi-</b>, pres. <b class="b2">kṣiṇā´ti, kṣiṇóti</b>, 'he destroys', Pass. <b class="b2">Kṣ[imacracute]yante</b> 'they perish', [[ákṣitas]] ( = [[ἄφθιτος]]) 'imperishable', fut. stem <b class="b2">kṣeṣya-</b> ( = [[φθεισο-]]), aor. stem <b class="b2">kṣeṣ-</b> (= <b class="b3">φθεισ-</b>).) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[decay]], [[wane]], of Time, <b class="b3">πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο</b> (opt. aor.) first would the night [[be come to an end]], <span class="bibl">Od.11.330</span>: τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>141</span> (anap.); in this sense mostly in pres. <b class="b3">φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα</b> they [[wane]] or <b class="b2">pass away</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.183</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω</b> [[let]] not thy life <b class="b2">be wasted</b>, <span class="bibl">5.161</span>: esp. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of the moon, [[wane]], [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span> 291b20</span>; hence, in monthly reckoning, <b class="b3">μηνῶν φθινόντων</b> in the moon's [[wane]], i.e. towards the month's end, <span class="bibl">10.470</span>, etc.; later, <b class="b3">μὴν φθίνων</b>, the last [[decad]], IG12.298.17, 328.13, <span class="bibl">Th.5.54</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">ἱστάμενος</b> (ἵστημι B. 111.4), <b class="b3">μεσῶν</b>, but in Hom., the <b class="b2">second half</b> of the month (τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), <span class="bibl">Od.14.162</span>, <span class="bibl">19.307</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of the stars, [[decline]], [[set]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>7</span> (prob. interpol.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b2">waste away, pine, perish</b>, ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς <span class="bibl">Od.2.368</span> (perh. aor. subj. with ῑ metri grat.); <b class="b3">ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν</b> <b class="b2">was wasting away</b> in mind, <span class="bibl">Il.18.446</span> (perh. trans., [[causing]] his heart <b class="b2">to pine</b>; prob. impf., but possibly aor.); φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>203</span>; ἐκ φόνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>558</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ φθίνοντες</b> [[consumptive]] people, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>3.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>1.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of life, strength, etc., οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.94</span>; φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>610</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>665</span> (lyr.); ὕβρις . . ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>786</span>; ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>548</span>; τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>415.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>71b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>81b</span>, etc.; c. dat. modi, πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν... φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>25</span>; of things, [[fade away]], [[disappear]], ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>677</span>; τὸ σῶμα φθίνει <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>24</span>; metaph., φθίνοντα Ααΐου θέσφατα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>906</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1013</span>:—Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται <span class="bibl">Il.20.173</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.87</span>; more freq. in fut. and aor., <b class="b3">ἤδη φθ&lt;ε&gt;ίσονται</b> <span class="bibl">11.821</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.329</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.384</span>; τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο <span class="bibl">Il.18.100</span>; δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο <span class="bibl">1.251</span>; νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι <span class="bibl">13.667</span>; νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>962</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο</b> <b class="b2">wast slain</b> by... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1414</span> (anap.): freq. in part. <b class="b3">φθίμενος</b>, [[slain]], [[dead]], <span class="bibl">Od.11.558</span>, al.; χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος <span class="bibl">Il.8.359</span>; ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον <span class="title">IG</span>12. 976; <b class="b3">φθίμενοι</b> <b class="b2">the dead</b>, φθιμένοισι μετείην <span class="bibl">Od.24.436</span>; <b class="b3">πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ</b>. Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.220</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Euph.21</span>; φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span> 4(3).10(28)</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">B.5.83</span>; φθιμένοισιν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>732</span> (lyr.); φθίμενος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1161</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>836</span> (anap.); μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν . . φθιμένων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>137</span> (anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. [[φθιτός]]), τὸν φθίμενον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>336</span> (lyr., codd.); τῶν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1023</span> (lyr.); τῶν πρότερον φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>403</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">φ. δέμας, σῶμα</b>, [[mortal]], IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); <b class="b3">Φθιμένη</b> [[Perishing]], personified as a goddess, Φυσώ τε Φ. τε <span class="bibl">Emp. 123.1</span>: rare in Prose, τοῖς φθιμένοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Causal, in fut. <b class="b3">φθ (ε) ίσω,</b> aor. 1 <b class="b3">ἔφθ (ε) ισα</b> (usu. written <b class="b3">φθίσω, ἔφθισα</b> in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (<span class="bibl">Od.20.67</span>) in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.23</span> (iii B. C.), <b class="b3">φθείσει</b> (<span class="bibl">Il.6.407</span>) in cod. A and <span class="title">Et.Gen.</span>cod.B (Miller [[Mélanges]] <span class="bibl">300</span>)), <b class="b2">cause to decay</b> or <b class="b2">pine away, consume, destroy</b>, φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος <span class="bibl">Il.6.407</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν</b> <span class="bibl">16.461</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.61</span>; οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ (ε) ῖσαι γόνον <span class="bibl">Od.4.741</span>; ἵνα φθ (ε) ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν <span class="bibl">16.369</span>; <b class="b3">τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">428</span>; τοκῆας . . φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί <span class="bibl">20.67</span>: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form <b class="b3">ἔφθῐσα</b>), Μοίρας φθίσας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>173</span>; τὸν . . ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>202</span>; φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι Pythag. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.8.23</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν σε μοῖρα . . φθίνει, φθίνει</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1414</span> (lyr., fort. σοι).</span>