κείρω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> κερῶ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>471a</span>, Ion. κερέω <span class="bibl">Il.23.146</span>: aor. ἔκειρα <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>9.37</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1173</span>, etc., Ep. ἔκερσα <span class="bibl">Il.13.546</span> (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-, in tmesi), <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>666</span> (lyr.): pf. κέκαρκα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>6002</span> (ii B.C.), (περι-) <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Symp.</span>32</span>:—Med., fut. κεροῦμαι <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Tr.</span>1183</span>, (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>89b</span>: aor. ἐκειράμἡν <span class="bibl">Lys.2.60</span>, etc., Ep. ἐκερσάμην <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>311</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>953</span> (lyr.): —Pass., aor. 1 part. <b class="b3">κερθείς</b> (v.l. καρθ-) <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.82</span>: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐκάρην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.368.45</span> (iii B.C.), subj. κᾰρῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.127</span>, inf. <b class="b3">κᾰρῆναι</b>, part. <b class="b3">καρείς</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1</span>: pf. inf. κεκάρθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>: Att. plpf. ἐκεκάρμην <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Lex.</span>5</span>. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">kṛṇā´ti</b> 'wound', Lat. [[caro]]: prob. also OE. [[scieran]], Eng. <b class="b2">shear.):—cut short, shear, clip</b>, esp. of hair, <b class="b3">σοί τε κόμην κερέειν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">Σπερχειῷ</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.23.146</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.37.3</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐν χρ [τὰς τρίχας</b>] [[crop]] it close, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.175</span>; ἀλόχων κείραντες ἔθειραν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1124</span> (lyr.): —more freq. in Med., <b class="b2">cut off one's</b> hair or [[have]] it <b class="b2">cut off</b>, as a sign of mourning (cf. [[κουρά]]), τοῦτο… γέρας οἶον ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσι, κείρασθαί τε κόμην βαλέειν τ' ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν <span class="bibl">Od.4.198</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.46</span>; πολύν σοι βοστρύχων πλόκαμον κεροῦμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1183</span>; κείρομαι κόμαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 322</span> (lyr.): abs., <b class="b2">cut off one's hair</b>, κείρασθε, συμπενθήσατ' <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>1390</span>; ἐφ' οἷς ἡ πόλις ἐπένθησε καὶ ἐκείρατο <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.211</span>, etc.; ἄξιον ἦν ἐπὶ τῷδε τῷ τάφῳ κείρασθαι τῇ Ἑλλάδι Lys. l.c.: Com., <b class="b3">πρὸς φθεῖρα κείρασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to have oneself</b> close [[shorn]], <span class="bibl">Eub.32</span>:—Pass., κουρᾷ… πενθίμῳ κεκαρμένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>458</span>; <b class="b3">σύμβολον κ</b>. half-[[cropped]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp.14</span>; τὰ ῥόδα κ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.108.29</span>; also, of the hair, [[to be cut off]], πλόκαμοι κερθέντες <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.82</span>; βοστρύχους κεκαρμένους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>515</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[crop]] a person, <b class="b3">σφέας αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἵππους</b>, in sign of mourning, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.24</span>; <b class="b3">κεκάρθαι τὰς κεφαλάς</b> <b class="b2">to have</b> their heads [[shorn]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.36</span>; Θρᾳκιστὶ κέκαρμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.46</span>; v. [[χρώς]] <span class="bibl">1.2</span>, <b class="b3">ἐγκυτί</b>; [[shear]] sheep, μάχαιραι κουρίδες, αἷς κείρομεν τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας <span class="bibl">Cratin.37</span>; <b class="b3">κείρεσθαί</b> ([[tonderi]]) <b class="b3">μου τὰ πρόβατα, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀποξύρεσθαι</b> ([[deglubi]]) <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b> Tiber. ap. <span class="bibl">D.C. 57.10</span> (cf. infr. <span class="bibl">3</span>); <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν [καρῆναι] ἐπὶ προβάτων τιθέασι καὶ ἐπὶ ἀτίμου κουρᾶς</b> (cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>6</span>), κείρασθαι δὲ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων Phryn.292; but <b class="b3">τῶν Ἀργείων ἐπὶ πένθει καρέντων</b> Plu.l.c.; τῷ σε χρὴ δρεπάνοισι καὶ οὐ ψαλίδεσσι καρῆναι <span class="title">AP</span>11.368 (Jul. Antec.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., '<b class="b2">fleece', plunder</b>, τὴν μάμμην <span class="bibl">Herod.3.39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">cut down</b>, δοῦρ' ἐλάτης κέρσαντες <span class="bibl">Il. 24.450</span>; ὕλην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1196</span>; <b class="b2">crop close</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐπιτέμνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.23.3</span>; [[pluck]], ἄνθη <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VA</span>1.5</span>: metaph., ἐκ λεχέων κ. μελιαδέα ποίαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.37</span>; Ἄρης κέρσειεν ἄωτον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>666</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[ravage]] a country, esp. <b class="b2">by cutting down</b> crops and fruit-trees, τὸ πεδίον <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.63</span>; τέμενος <span class="bibl">Id.6.75</span>, cf. <span class="title">OGI</span>765.10 (Priene); τὴν γῆν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.99</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 1.64</span>; χώραν <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.15.9</span>; [[destroy]], πόλιν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1.60</span> P.; also, [[clear]], of pioneers, ὄρος <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.131</span>:—Pass., of a country, <b class="b2">to be ravaged</b>, καρῆναι <span class="bibl">Id.4.127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.65</span>; κεκαρμένα κτήματα <span class="title">SIG</span>364.67 (Ephesus, iii B.C.):—Med., <b class="b3">χθὼν πεύκας κειραμένη</b> <b class="b2">having its</b> pine-trees <b class="b2">cut down</b>, AP9.106 (Leon.); ἄρουραι λήϊα κειράμεναι <span class="bibl">Ps.-Phoc.166</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">Σπάρτη… ἐκείρατο δόξαν</b> <b class="b2">had her</b> glory <b class="b2">shorn off</b>, Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Paus. 9.15.6</span>; <b class="b3">Ἄρης νυχίαν πλάκα κερσάμενος</b> <b class="b2">having had</b> the plain <b class="b2">swept clean</b> (by destroying the men), <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>953</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἔκειρε πολύκερων φόνον</b> [[slaughtered]] many a horned beast <b class="b2">by hewing</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>55</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[hew]], [[carve]], ἐπίβασιν <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>99 H. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">cut through transversely</b>, opp. <b class="b3">σχίζειν</b> (slit longitudinally), φλέβα Antyll. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.7.11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[destroy]], [[consume]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[tear]], [[eat greedily]], of beasts, <b class="b3">κείρει τ' εἰσελθὼν βαθὺ λήϊον [ὄνος</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.11.560</span>; of fish, δημὸν… ἐπινεφρίδιον κείροντες <span class="bibl">21.204</span>; of vultures, ἧπαρ ἔκειρον <span class="bibl">Od.11.578</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span> 1.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DMort.</span>30.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[waste]], [[devour]], ἐκείρετε πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ κτήματ' ἐμά <span class="bibl">Od.2.312</span>; ἔκειρον κτήματ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ <span class="bibl">22.369</span>, etc.: abs., <b class="b3">κείρετε</b> (sc. <b class="b3">βίοτον</b>) <span class="bibl">1.378</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">cut (off), shave, esp. of hair, mow off, cut down, ravage</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">κεῖραι</b>, ep. also <b class="b3">κέρσαι</b>, pass. <b class="b3">καρῆναι</b> (<b class="b3">καρθέντες</b> with v. l. <b class="b3">κερθέντες</b> Pi. P. 4, 82), fut. <b class="b3">κερέω</b>, <b class="b3">κερῶ</b>, perf. pass. <b class="b3">κέκαρμαι</b>, new act. <b class="b3">κέκαρκα</b> (hell.),<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>. Comp. <b class="b3">ἀ-κερσε-κόμης</b> <b class="b2">with uncut hair</b> (Υ 39), also <b class="b3">ἀ-κειρε-κόμας</b>, <b class="b3">-ης</b> (Pi.); on the form Schwyzer 442, on the meaning Fink Philol. 93, 404ff.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">κέρμα</b> n. <b class="b2">cut off piece, esp. small piece of money, change</b> (Emp. 101, 1 [not quite certain], Com., hell.) with <b class="b3">κερμάτιον</b> (hell.) and <b class="b3">κερματίζω</b> [[change in small money]] (Att., Arist.); from it <b class="b3">κερματιστής</b> <b class="b2">money-changer</b> (Ev. Jo. 2. 14), <b class="b3">κερματισμός</b> [[cut into little bits]] (Olymp.); <b class="b3">κερματόομαι</b> = <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> (Procl.). - 2. <b class="b3">κορμός</b> m. <b class="b2">cut off piece, bobbin, trunk</b> (ψ 196) with <b class="b3">κορμίον</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">κορμηδόν</b> <b class="b2">in pieces</b> (Hld.), <b class="b3">κορμάζω</b> <b class="b2">saw into pieces</b> (D. H.). - 3. <b class="b3">κουρα</b> s. v. 4. [[καρτός]] s. v. - Cf. also <b class="b3">κόρση</b>, <b class="b3">κόρις</b>, <b class="b3">κέρτομος</b>, 2. <b class="b3">κέλωρ</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [938] <b class="b2">*ker-</b> [[cut]]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">κείρω</b> from <b class="b3">*κερ-ι̯ω</b> (Schwyzer 715, 751, 759), belongs to a widespread IE. wordgroup; but exact agreements of the Greek verb forms. Nearest is Arm. [[k]][[erem]] [[scratch]], [[shave]] (sec. aorist [[k]]<b class="b2">ere-c̣i</b>; diff. Meillet BSL 37, 12), Alb. <b class="b2">sh-kjer</b> <b class="b2">tear apart</b> (pret. ><b class="b2">sh-kora</b> < IE. <b class="b2">*kēr-</b>); further Hitt. [[karšmi]] <b class="b2">cut off</b> (with <b class="b2">s-</b>enlargement as in <b class="b3">κουρά</b>; s. v.). Frequent are forms with initial <b class="b2">*sk-</b>: Germ., OHG [[sceran]] [[scheren]], Lith. <b class="b2">skiriù</b>, <b class="b2">skìrti</b> [[separate]], OIr. <b class="b2">scar(a)im</b> [[separate]]. A <b class="b2">t-</b>enlargement in Skt. <b class="b2">kr̥-n-t-áti</b> [[separates]] (infixed nasal present; perf. <b class="b2">ca-kart-a</b>); this would be possible for the aorist <b class="b3">ἔκερσα</b> (if < <b class="b3">*ἔ-κερτ-σα</b>, Risch 219). - The number of nominal derivv. in the separate languages is enormous, partly parallel innoavtions. Thus formal agreement exists between <b class="b3">κέρμα</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">cárman-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">čarǝman-</b> n. [[skin]], [[hide]], OPr. [[kērmens]] m. [[body]] (IE. <b class="b2">*kér-men-</b>); diff. only in ablaut betwen <b class="b3">κορμός</b> and OCS [[krъma]] f. <b class="b2">steering oar, back part of the ship</b>, Russ. <b class="b2">kormá</b> [[puppis]]. - Further Pok. 938ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[carō]], [[cēna]], [[corium]].