στόμα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">mouth, muzzle, front, peak, edge</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">στύμα</b> (Theoc.), <b class="b3">-ατος</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[Tomako]], [[Tumako]] \/[[στόμαργος]]\/ (Mühlestein Studi Micenei 2 (1967), 43ff. w. lit.; Killen, Minos 27-8, 1992-1993 [95],101-7<br />Compounds: Many compp., almost all from the shorter stem (cf. below), e.g. <b class="b3">στόμ-αργος</b> <b class="b2">chattering, high-sounding</b> (trag.), to <b class="b3">ἀργός</b> (Willis AmJPh 63, 87 ff. : [[shining]] > [[bright]] > [[loud]]?), if not after <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αργος</b>, which could stand for <b class="b3">γλώσσ-αλγος</b> (s. on <b class="b3">γλῶσσα</b> w. lit.); Blanc RPh. 65, 1991, 59-66 analyses the word as <b class="b3">στόμα</b> + <b class="b3">μάργος</b> [[furious]], also BAGB 1996\/1, 8-9; cf. also <b class="b3">Πόδ-αργος</b> (s. <b class="b3">πούς</b>); on <b class="b3">στομα-κάκη</b> s. <b class="b3">κακός</b>; <b class="b3">εὔ-στομος</b> <b class="b2">with a beautiful mouth, speaking nicely</b>, also = [[silent]] (Hdt., X. etc.); beside it, quite rarely, <b class="b3">στοματ-ουργός</b> <b class="b2">working with ones mouth, grandiloquent</b> (Ar.). <b class="b3">κακο-στόματος</b> (AP) for <b class="b3">κακό-στομος</b> (E. a.o.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">στόμ-ιον</b> n. <b class="b2">mouth, opening, denture, bit, bridle</b> (IA.), rarely [[mouth]] (Nic.), with <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. [[halter]] (Poll.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-στομ-ίζω</b> [[to put in a bit]] (Att.), also [[to shut up ones mouth]] (late). 2. <b class="b3">στόμ-ις</b> m. <b class="b2">hard-mouthed horse</b> (A. Fr. 442 = 649 M.; cf. Schwyzer 462 n. 3), also <b class="b3">-ίας</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Afric., Suid.). 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">speaking nicely</b> (S.), [[savoury]] (Sor.). 4. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> [[to take in the mouth]] (Aq.), w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-στομίζω</b> <b class="b2">to remove the edge</b> (Philostr.). 5. <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> στόμα a.o.) <b class="b2">to stop the mouth, to provide with an opening, edge, to harden</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[mouth]] (A.), <b class="b2">hardening, which is hardened, steel</b> (Cratin., Arist., hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ωμάτιον</b> (Gloss.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[hardening]] (S., hell a. late), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> = [[indurator]] (gloss.). -- Besides <b class="b3">στομάτ-ιον</b> n. dimin. (Sor.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the mouth</b> (medic. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-στοματ-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">to repeat, to interrogate etc.</b> (Pl., Arist. etc.). -- On [[στόμαχος]], [[στωμύλος]] s. vv.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1035] <b class="b2">*steh₃men-</b> [[mouth]]<br />Etymology: The etymol. unclear <b class="b3">στόμα</b> has secondarily joined the verbal nouns in <b class="b3">-μα</b> (Schwyzer 524 w. n. 5), with which the strong predilection for the short form <b class="b3">στομ-</b> in compp. and derivv. may be connected (cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 163). But the <b class="b2">n-</b>stem is old and is found not only in Av. <b class="b2">staman-</b> m. <b class="b2">mouth (of a dog)</b> but also in Celtic, e.g. Welsh [[safn]] <b class="b2">jaw-bone</b>. So we must reconstruct <b class="b2">*steh₃m-</b>, which was in Greek replaced by the zero grade (<b class="b2">*sth₃m-</b>); on the short [[a]] of Avestan see Lubotsky Kratylos 42(1997) 56f. -- Far remain however the Germ. words for [[voice]], Goth. [[stibna]], OHG [[stimna]], [[stimma]] etc. and the Hitt. word for [[ear]], <b class="b2">ištam-ana-</b>, <b class="b2">-ina-</b>, prob. denominativ from [[ištamašzi]] [[hear]] (Frisk GHÅ 57, 19ff. = Kl. Schr. 79ff. w. lit.; diff. Kronasser Etymologie II 399).