σημεῖον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, Ion. σημήϊον, Dor. σᾱμήϊον <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).452 (Thera, iv B.C.), σᾱμεῖον <span class="title">IPE</span>12.352.25 (Chersonesus, ii B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.), σᾱμᾶον <span class="title">CIG</span>5168 (Cyrene):—= <b class="b3">σῆμα</b> in all senses, and more common in Prose, but never in Hom. or Hes.: <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[mark]] by which a thing is known, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.38</span>; σημεῖα τῶν δεδικασμένων... σημεῖα πάντων ὧν ἔπραξαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>614c</span>; [[sign]] of the future, <b class="b3">τυραννίδος σ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1355</span>; σ. λαβεῖν ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>514</span>; [[trace]], [[track]], σημεῖα δ' οὔτε θηρὸς οὔτε του κυνῶν . . ἐξεφαίνετο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>257</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>886</span>; τῆς καταβάσεως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.2.2</span>; of a cork on a buoy, <span class="bibl">Paus.8.12.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Dor., [[tomb]], IG12(3).452 (iv B.C.), <span class="title">CIG</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sign from the gods, omen</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>94</span>; τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν σ. γενόμενα <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 244c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>40b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.1</span>; [[wonder]], [[portent]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>4.8</span>, al.; σ. καὶ τέρατα <span class="bibl">Plb.3.112.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>24.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>4.48</span>, cf. <span class="title">IPE</span>l.c., <span class="bibl">D.S.17.114</span>; φόβηθρα καὶ σ. ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>21.11</span>; esp. of <b class="b2">the constellations</b>, regarded as [[signs]], δύεται σημεῖα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>529</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 1157</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[sign]] or [[signal]] to do a thing, made by flags, <b class="b3">ἀνέδεξε σημήϊον τοῖσι ἄλλοισι ἀνάγεσθαι</b> he made [[signal]] for the rest to put to sea, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.128</span>; <b class="b2">signal for battle</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ἤρθη, κατεσπάσθη</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.49</span>,<span class="bibl">63</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καθαιρεῖν τὸ σ</b>. to take [[it]] down, strike the [[flag]], as a [[sign]] of dissolving an assembly, <span class="bibl">And.1.36</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>278</span>; <b class="b3">ὕστερος ἐλθεῖν τοῦ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>690</span>: generally, [[signal]], σ. ὑποδηλῶσαί τινι ὅτι . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>1011</span>; τὰ σ. αὐτοῖς ἤρθη <span class="bibl">Th.4.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ. τοῦ πυρός, ὡς εἴρητο, ἀνέσχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">111</span>; [[signal]] to commence work, [ἡ] τοῦ σημείου ἄρσις <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span>35.403 (Pergam.); <b class="b3">σημείῳ ἀβαστάκτῳ, σημείοις ἀβαστάκτοις</b> with unremoved [[signal]] ([[s]]), of gymnasia, i.e. never closed, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.446 (ibid.), <span class="title">Abh.Berl.Akad.</span>1932(5).44(ibid., ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[standard]] or [[flag]], on the admiral's ship, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.92</span>; on the general's tent, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.5.13</span>; <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ</b>. out of the [[lines]], ib.<span class="bibl">8.3.19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">body of troops</b> under one standard or flag, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.39.2</span> (ii B.C.); cf. σημεία <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> land[[mark]], [[boundary]], [[limit]], <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ. τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἐμπορίου</b> out of the [[limits]] of your commercial port, <span class="bibl">D.35.28</span>; of milestones, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.2.13.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[device]] upon a shield, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.171</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1114</span>; upon ships, <b class="b2">figure-head</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>933</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>255</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[signet]] on ring, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>952</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>585</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>191d</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.30</span>, <span class="bibl">D.42.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span> 26.5</span> (iii B.C.); [[figure]], [[image]], Διὸς κτησίου <span class="bibl">Anticl.13</span>; [[badge]], τρίαιναν σ. θεοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>218</span>: pl., <b class="b2">written characters</b>, γράψαι σημήϊα . . φωνῆς <span class="title">IG</span>14.1549 (Rome). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> pl. (Dor.) <b class="b3">σαμεῖα</b>, [[stripes]], ib.5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.); [[clavi]]<b class="b3">· σημεῖα</b>, <span class="title">Gloss.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b2">watchword, war-cry</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.5.69.8</span>; ἀπὸ σ. ἑνὸς ἐπιστρέφειν τὰς ναῦς <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> [[birthmark]] or <b class="b2">distinguishing feature</b>, Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>76.14 (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>15.27</span> (ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[sign]], [[token]], [[indication]] of anything that is or is to be, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1059</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1332</span>; σ. φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς . . γεγώς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>710</span>; τέχνης σ. τῆς ἐμῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>998</span>; so later τὰ σ. τῶν καιρῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in reasoning, a [[sign]] or [[proof]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>369</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.6</span>,<span class="bibl">10</span>, <span class="bibl">And. 2.25</span>, etc.; τούτων ὑμῖν σημεῖα δείξω <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.103</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.46</span>; τάδε τὰ σ. ὡς . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.5</span>; σ. εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>520e</span>; <b class="b3">ὅτι ἀγαθὸς ἦν... τοῦτο μέγιστον σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Min.</span>321b</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ ἐκδυθῆναι οὐδὲν σ. ἐστι</b> is no [[proof]] to the contrary, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.5</span>; also, [[instance]], [[example]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span> 20</span>; <b class="b3">σημεῖον δέ·</b> to introduce an argument, <span class="bibl">D.21.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.86</span>,107, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in the Logic of Arist., <b class="b2">a sign</b> used as <b class="b2">a probable argument</b> in proof of a conclusion, opp. <b class="b3">τεκμήριον</b> (a demonstrative or certain proof), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">APr.</span>70a11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">SE</span>167b9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1357a33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in Stoic and Epicurean philos., [[sign]] as observable basis of inference to the unobserved or unobservable, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.43U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>27</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>8.142</span>, al.; <b class="b3">περὶ σημείων</b> (dub. sens.), title of work by Zeno, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>1.14. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Medic., [[symptom]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.9</span>, Gal.1.313, 18(2).306. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> = Lat. [[lenticula]], a kind of skin-eruption, <span class="bibl">Cels.6.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> pl., <b class="b2">shorthand symbols</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>23</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal. <span class="title">Libr.Propr.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>724.3</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>42.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">critical mark</b>, Heph.[[Poëm]].<span class="bibl">p.73C.</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.3.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[στιγμή]], <b class="b2">mathematical point</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>76b5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>240b3</span>, Euc.<span class="title">Def.</span>1, al.; also ς. (with or without <b class="b3">χρόνου</b>) [[point]] of time, [[instant]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>283a11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>262b2</span>sq. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Prosody and Music, <b class="b2">unit of time</b>, <span class="bibl">Aristid.Quint.1.14</span>, Longin.<span class="title">Proll. Heph.</span>5.</span>