οἶνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[wine]], <b class="b3">μέλας οἶ</b>. (cf. [[οἶνοψ]]) <span class="bibl">Od.5.265</span>,<span class="bibl">9.196</span> ; ἐρυθρός <span class="bibl">5.165</span>, <span class="bibl">9.163</span> ; αἶθοψ <span class="bibl">Il.1.462</span>, <span class="bibl">4.259</span> ; ἡδύς <span class="bibl">Od.2.349</span>,<span class="bibl">9.204</span> ; ἡδύποτος <span class="bibl">15.507</span> ; μελιηδής <span class="bibl">Il.4.346</span>, al. ; μελίφρων <span class="bibl">6.264</span> ; παλαιός <span class="bibl">Od.2.340</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>9.48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Simon.75</span> ; οἴνους παλαιοὺς εὐώδεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.4.9</span> ; ἐΰφρων <span class="bibl">Il. 3.246</span> ; εὐήνωρ <span class="bibl">Od.4.622</span> ; οἶνον ἔμισγον ἐνὶ κρητῆρσι καὶ ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">1.110</span> : with Preps., <b class="b3">ἐν οἴνῳ</b> over one's [[cups]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1227</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>23.8</span> ; παρ' οἴνῳ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>780</span> ; παρ' οἶνον Plu.2.143d ; μετὰ παιδιᾶς καὶ οἴ. <span class="bibl">Th. 6.28</span> : also in pl., ἡ ἐν τοῖς οἴ. διατριβή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>641c</span>, <span class="bibl">645c</span> ; ἐπ' οἴνοις <span class="bibl">Pherecr.153.9</span> : pl. also, <b class="b3">οἶνοι</b>, [[wines]], X.l.c., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>573a</span>,al. ; <b class="b3">οἶνος δωδεκάδραχμος</b> [[wine]] at <span class="bibl">12</span> drachmae the cask, <span class="bibl">D.42.20</span> : prov., οἶ. τῷ φρονεῖν ἐπισκοτεῖ <span class="bibl">Eub.135</span> ; <b class="b3">οἶνος καὶ ἀλάθεα</b> (v. <b class="b3">ἀλήθεια</b>), <b class="b2">in vino veritas</b>, <span class="bibl">Alc.57</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.29.1</span> ; οἶνος… ἀληθής <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>217e</span> ; <b class="b3">οἴνῳ τὸν οἶ. ἐξελαύνειν</b> 'to take a hair of the dog that bit you', <span class="bibl">Antiph.300.1</span> : <b class="b3">οἶνος</b> is.freq. omitted, <b class="b3">πίνεὶν πολύν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">οἶνον</b>) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>569</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.11</span> ; esp. with names of places, <b class="b3">Θάσιος, Χῖος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Eub.124</span>,<span class="bibl">125</span>,<span class="bibl">126</span> : resin was used as a preservative, πισσίτης οἶ. Plu.2.676c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fermented juice]] of other kinds, <b class="b3">οἶνος ἐκ κριθέων πεποιημένος</b> barley [[wine]], a kind of [[beer]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.77</span> ; <b class="b3">οἶ. φοινικήϊος</b> palm<b class="b2">-wine</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.193</span> ; <b class="b2">lotus-wine</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.4.177</span>, etc. ; from which drinks grape<b class="b2">-wine</b> (οἶ. ἀμπέλινος) is expressly distd., <span class="bibl">Id.2.60</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">the wine-market</b>, τρέχ' ἐς τὸν οἶ. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Fr.</span>299</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> name of Dionysus, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>216</span>. (ϝοῖνος <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span> 10.39, <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>148H. ; cf. Lat. [[vinum]].&lt;*&gt;</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[wine]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: dial. <b class="b3">Ϝοῖνος</b><br />Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">οἰνο-χόος</b> m. [[cupbearer]] with <b class="b3">-χοέω</b>, <b class="b3">-χοῆσαι</b> <b class="b2">to be a cupbearer, to pour wine</b> (Il.), ep. also <b class="b3">-χοεύω</b> (only pres.), metr. conditioned (Schwyzer 732, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 368); <b class="b3">οἰν-άνθη</b> f. <b class="b2">fruit-bearing bud, blossom of the vine</b>, also metaph. of the grape (since Pi., Thphr.), also name of a plant, [[meadowsweet]], [[Spiraea flipendula]], because of the smell (Cratin., Arist.), name of an unknown bird (Arist.; Thompson Birds s. v.); <b class="b3">ἄ-οινος</b> [[without wine]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἔξ-οινος</b> [[drunken]] (Alex., Plb.), backformation from <b class="b3">ἐξ-οινόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to get drunk</b> (E.); more in Strömberg Prefix Studies 72 (also Schwyzer-Debrunner 462). On <b class="b3">Οἰνόη</b> cf. 2. <b class="b3">οἴη</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. Diminut., mostly belittling: <b class="b3">οἰν-άριον</b> (D., hell.; because of the meaning not from <b class="b3">οἴναρον</b>, cf. Chantraine Form. 74); <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> (Cratin., Eub.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Apollod.). 2. <b class="b3">οἴνη</b> f. [[vine]] (Hes.; like <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> : <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> a.o., Schwyzer-Debrunner 30, Chantraine 24); <b class="b3">οἰνάς</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP, Nic.; Chantr. 353), also <b class="b2">rock dove, Columba livia</b>, after the colour (Arist.; details in Thompson Birds s.v.); also adj. [[belonging to the wine]] (AP, APl.). 3. <b class="b3">οἴν-αρον</b> n. [[vineleaf]], [[grape vine]] (X., Thphr.) with <b class="b3">-αρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-αρία</b>, <b class="b3">-άρεος</b>, <b class="b3">-αρίζω</b> (Ibyc., Ar., Hp., Thphr.). 4. <b class="b3">οἰνοῦττα</b> f. [[wine cake]] (Ar.), also name of a plant with intoxicating effect (Arist.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272). 5. <b class="b3">οἰνών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[wine cellar]] (X., hell.). 6. <b class="b3">Ϝοινώα</b> f. <b class="b2">vineyard?</b> (Thespiae; cf. <b class="b3">προθυρῴα</b> a.o. in Hdn. Gr. 1, 303). 7. Some H.glosses: <b class="b3">οἴνωτρον χάρακα</b>, <b class="b3">ἧ την ἄμπελον ἱστᾶσι</b>, <b class="b3">γοίνακες</b> (= <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) <b class="b3">βλαστοί</b>, <b class="b3">γοινέες κόρακες</b> (cf. <b class="b3">οἰνάς</b>). -- B. Adj. 8. <b class="b3">οἰν-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">containing wine, abundant in wine</b> (Pi., Ion., Arist.); 9. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">winelike, redolent of wine</b> (Hp., Arist.); 10. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to the wine]] (hell., inscr. a. pap.). -- C. Verbs. 11. <b class="b3">οἰν-ίζομαι</b> [[to get oneself wine]] (Il., late prose), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">to resemble wine</b> (Thphr., Dsc.); with <b class="b3">οἰν-ιστήρια</b> n. pl. name of an Attic feast (Eup., H., Phot.); cf. <b class="b3">Ἀνθεστήρια</b>, <b class="b3">χαριστήρια</b> a.o. 12. <b class="b3">οἰν-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to intoxicate (oneself)</b> (Ion., Od., trag.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[intoxication]] (Stoic., Plu.); on the meaning cf. Müri Mus. Helv. 10, 36. -- On the PN <b class="b3">Οἰνεύς</b> s. Bosshardt 106 f.; on the riverN <b class="b3">Οἰνοῦς</b> m. (Laconia) and on <b class="b3">Οἰνοῦσσαι</b> f. pl. (islands) Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1120?] <b class="b2">*u̯eiH-</b> [[turn]], [[bend]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">(Ϝ)οῖνος</b> agree, except for the gender and auslaut, Lat. [[vīnum]] (if from <b class="b2">*u̯oinom</b>; Umbr. etc. [[vinu]] then Lat. LW [loanword]), Arm. [[gini]] (< <b class="b2">*u̯oinii̯o-</b>), Alb. <b class="b2">vênë</b> (< <b class="b2">*u̯oinā</b>); an IE word for [[wine]], reconstructed from this, may together with the related Lat. [[vītis]] [[vine]] and many others (s. on [[ἴτυς]]) belong to the group <b class="b2">u̯ei-</b> [[turn]], [[bend]]. As the wild vine a.o. was at home in southern Russia and certain parts of middle Europe, this assumption is acceptable also from the aspect of historical facts. As however the cultivation of the vine has started in the Mediterranean lands or in the Pontus area and in the south of the Caucasus, most scholars incline, to look for the origin of the word in these countries, what would point to non-IE origin. But if we put the homeland of viticulture in the Pontus and the northern Balkan, the word for [[wine]] might come from there. From this IE source would then come not only the words mentioned from Greek, Lat., Arm. and Albania, but also Hitt. <b class="b2">u̯ii̯an(a</b>)-, Hier. Hitt. <b class="b2">wa(i)ana-</b>, and also the relevant Semit. words, e.g. Arab. [[wain]], Hebr. [[jajin]] (common <b class="b2">*wainu-</b>?). Thus Beekes, MSS 48(1987)21-6, who points out that the Hitt. form requires <b class="b2">*u̯ih₁on-</b>. From Lat. [[vīnum]] further the Celt. a. Germ., from Germ. or Latin again the Slav. and (indir.) Balt. wine words; from Arm. [[gini]] e.g. Georg. [[γvino]]. -- Lit. with further details in WP. 1, 226 (IE, resp. PArm.), Pok. 1121, W.-Hofmann s. [[vīnum]] , Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 642 ff., Vasmer s. <b class="b2">vinó</b>. Cf also Kronasser Vorgeschichte und Indogermanistik (Symposion 1959) 122 f..