ἐλαία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Att. [[ἐλάα]], ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">olive-tree</b>, Hom., esp. in <span class="bibl">Od., 11.590</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἱερὴ ἐλαία</b> <span class="bibl">13.372</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.55</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>701</span> (lyr.), etc.; ἡμέρη ἐλαίη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.82</span> (opp. <b class="b3">ἀγρία ἐλαία</b> or <b class="b3">κότινος</b>) <b class="b3"> φέρεσθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν</b> to run beyond <b class="b2">the olives</b>, which stood at the end of the Athenian racecourse, i.e. to go too far, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>995</span>, ubi v. Sch.; of the Indian <b class="b2">Olea cuspidata</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.4.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> variety of δάφνη <span class="bibl">111</span>, ib.<span class="bibl">4.7.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.16.3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[olive]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>550</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>372c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.262</span>, Dsc. 1.119, etc.—Acc. to Gramm. <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b> was the proper form in this sense, <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> in the first; but <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b> is simply the Att. form, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.33, 2.476.21, 1055.36 (also <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.98</span> (iii B.C.), etc.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">naevus on the skin</b>, Melamp.<span class="bibl">p.508F.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> = [[δίφρου Κυρηναϊκοῦ μέρος]], Hsch. [In <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b>, the penult. is long, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>360.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>550</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span> 578</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>617</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">ἐλᾰῶν</b> in <span class="bibl">Alex.261.3</span> (where perh. <b class="b3">ἐλῶν—ἐλᾶς</b> is acknowledged by <span class="bibl">Ael.Dion.<span class="title">Fr.</span>162</span>, and found in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>97.7</span> (ii A.D.), <b class="b3">ἐλᾶν</b> in <span class="bibl">130.11</span> (i A.D.)—should be restored), and ᾰ in [[ἐλάη]], <span class="title">AP</span>4.2.12 (Phil.), <span class="bibl">6.102</span> (Id.).]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the olive (tree)</b> (Od.), rare <b class="b3">ἔλαιος</b> (m.) <b class="b2">(wild) olive</b> (Pi. Fr. 46, S. Tr. 1197 );<br />Other forms: Att. also <b class="b3">ἐλάα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ἐλαίη</b>. Cypr. <b class="b3">ἔλαιϜον</b> (Kadmos 3, 1965, 148).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[erawa]], <b class="b2">-wo</b> \/[[elaiwa]], <b class="b2">-won</b>\/.<br />Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member <b class="b3">ἐλαιο-</b> refers not only to <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, but also to <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐλαιό-φυτος</b> <b class="b2">planted with olives</b> (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄν-ελαιος</b> [[without oil]], [[olives]] (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀγρι-έλαιος</b> = <b class="b3">ἄγριος ἔλαιος</b> (Thpr. usw.), <b class="b3">χαμ-ελαία</b> <b class="b2">Daphne oleoides</b> (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; <b class="b3">γλυκ-έλαιον</b> <b class="b2">sweet-oil</b>, <b class="b3">ὑδρ-έλαιον</b> "wateroil", i. e. <b class="b2">oil mixed with water</b> (late).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> n. <b class="b2">olive-oil, oil in general</b> (Il.); on the pair <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) : <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐς</b> f., acc. pl. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳ̃δας</b> <b class="b2">olive-trees</b> (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλᾳδιον</b> (<b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>) <b class="b2">small olive-tree</b>, also (from <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b>) <b class="b2">a little oil</b> (Com., pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">thicket of olives</b> (LXX, pap. ), <b class="b2">the olive mountain</b> (NT, J.), diminut. <b class="b3">ἐλαιωνίδιον</b> (pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιεύς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 21f.). Adj. <b class="b3">ἐλαίϊνος</b>, <b class="b3">ἐλάϊνος</b> <b class="b2">of olive -wood, belonging to the olive</b> (Il.), <b class="b2">of olive-oil</b> (Orph. L. 717); <b class="b3">-ίνεος</b> <b class="b2">of olive-wood</b> (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of <b class="b3">-ινος</b> and <b class="b3">-εος</b>, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); <b class="b3">ἐλαϊκός</b> <b class="b2">of olive</b> (Aristeas, pap.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιηρός</b> <b class="b2">regarding oil</b> (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); <b class="b3">ἐλαιώδης</b> [[oily]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">ἐλαιήεις</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the olive</b> (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">ἐλαΐζω</b> <b class="b2">cultivate olives</b> with <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-τής</b> <b class="b2">collector of olives</b> (Poll.) and <b class="b3">ἐλαιστήριον</b> <b class="b2">olive-press</b> (Mylasa); <b class="b3">ἐλαιόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be oiled</b> (Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἐλαίωσις</b> (Zos. Alch.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Lat. [[olīva]], from Greek, proves a basic <b class="b3">*ἐλαίϜα</b>, with <b class="b3">*ἔλαιϜον</b> to Lat. [[oleum]]. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. [[ewɫ]] [[oil]], which comes together with <b class="b3">ἐλαία</b>, <b class="b3">ἔλαιον</b> from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.