στυφελίζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[strike hard]], τρὶς δέ οἱ ἐστυφέλιξε . . ἀσπίδ' Ἀπόλλων <span class="bibl">Il.5.437</span>; πολλὰ δὲ χερμάδια μεγάλ' ἀσπίδας ἐστυφέλιξαν <span class="bibl">16.774</span>; <b class="b3">στυφέλιξε δέ μιν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐγχείη</b>) <span class="bibl">7.261</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ὁπότε νέφεα Ζέφυρος στυφελίξῃ</b> [[drives away]] the clouds, <span class="bibl">11.305</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ . . κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος . . ἐξ ἑδέων στυφελίξαι</b> [[thrust]] us from our seats, <span class="bibl">1.581</span>; τὸν δ' . . ἐκ δαιτύος ἐστυφέλιξε <span class="bibl">22.496</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέ μιν ἐκτὸς ἀταρπιτοῦ ἐστ</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.17.234</span>; τινὰ κορύνῃ <span class="bibl">A.R.2.115</span>; κῦμα . . ναύτας ἐς κοίλην ἐστυφέλιξεν ἅλα <span class="title">AP</span>7.665 (Leon.); <b class="b3">ἐκ θεμέθλων ἄνακτας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">15.22</span> (Simm.); Ποσείδαν . . ἐστυφέλιξε πόντον <span class="bibl">Alc.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[treat roughly]], [[maltreat]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.380</span>,<span class="bibl">512</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.416</span>; τινὰ ὀνείδεσι <span class="bibl">A.R. 1.273</span>.—Ep. word, used by <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>225</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>139</span> (lyr., abs.); also σ. τρώματα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>31</span>: in late Prose, Plu.<span class="title">Nob.</span>9.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to strike hard, to dash, to beat, to drive away, to maltreat</b> (ep. lyr. Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">-λίξαι</b>.<br />Compounds: Also w. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">στυφελιγμοί</b> (v. l. <b class="b3">-σμοί</b>) m. pl. [[maltreatment]] (A. Eq. 537 [anap.]). -- Besides <b class="b3">στυφελός</b> [[hard]], [[raw]], [[stony]], [[severe]] (A. in lyr., A. R., Opp., AP; also Arcad. Cyren. after sch. A. R. 2, 1005; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 269 f.), second. [[astringent]], [[bitter]] (AP; after <b class="b3">στύφω</b>); <b class="b3">κατα-</b> στυφελίζω [[raw]], [[stony]] (h. Merc., Hes.), <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> στυφελίζω [[not hard]], [[friendly]], [[smooth]] (Thgn., AP); enlarged <b class="b3">στυφελώδης</b> [[hard]] (Q.S.); also <b class="b3">στύφλος</b> (on the accent below) [[raw]], [[stony]] (trag., Lyc.; <b class="b3">κατά-</b> στυφελίζω H.), <b class="b3">-άριος</b> (Hyettos IIIp; PN?). At first sight ep. <b class="b3">στυφελίζω</b> seems a derivation of the later attested <b class="b3">στυφελός</b>. Apart from the chronology of the attestations, in that way the meaning of the verb (prop. *`to be, make hard or severe'?) becomes hard to understand. For <b class="b3">στυφελίζω</b> one could consider <b class="b3">ἐλελίζω</b> as example (Schmoll Die Verba auf <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [Diss. Tübingen 1955] 182), after it <b class="b3">στυφελός</b> for <b class="b3">στύφλος</b> (Leumann l. c.)? The barytonesis of <b class="b3">στύφλος</b> is remarkable (cf. however <b class="b3">φαῦλος</b>, <b class="b3">μάχλος</b>, <b class="b3">κτίλος</b> a.o.), but must be considered more probale as lectio difficilior then the less well attested oxytonesis.<br />Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Not well explained. The in spite of the deviating vowel quantity (cf. <b class="b3">τύφω</b> : <b class="b3">τυφλός</b>) obvious connection with <b class="b3">στύφω</b> is for <b class="b3">στύφλος</b>, <b class="b3">στυφελός</b> not hard to motivate ('drawing together, -drawn, contract' > <b class="b2">solid, hard etc.</b>; e.g. Persson Stud. 193), but is for <b class="b3">στυφελίζω</b> not immediately convincing. So the last rather to <b class="b3">τύπτω</b> (Curtius 227 etc.)? -- Extensive on <b class="b3">στυφελίζω</b> Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 84 ff.