βούλομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(Ep. also βόλομαι, q. v.), Dor. βώλ- (q. v.), Aeol. βόλλ- (v. <b class="b3">βόλομαι</b>), Thess. βέλλ- <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.20, Boeot. βείλ- ib.7.3080, βήλ- <span class="title">SIG</span>1185.18 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), Locr.and Delph. δείλ- <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.3, <span class="title">GDI</span>2034.10, Coan, etc. δήλ- (q. v.), Ion. 2sg. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> βούλεαι <span class="bibl">Od.18.364</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.11</span>: impf. ἐβουλόμην <span class="bibl">Il.11.79</span>, etc.; ἠβουλόμην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>752</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.15</span>, etc.; Ion. 3pl. <b class="b3">ἐβουλέατο</b> codd. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">3.143</span>: fut. βουλήσομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>867</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1077</span>, etc.; later fut. <b class="b3">βουληθήσομαι</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>48(24).8</span>, Gal.13.636: aor. <b class="b3">ἐβουλήθην</b>, also <b class="b3">ἠβ-</b> (v. infr.), βουληθείς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>732</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1236, etc., but Ep. aor. subj. 3sg. <b class="b3">βούλεται</b> (from <b class="b3">*βόλσ-ε-ται</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.1.67</span>: pf. βεβούλημαι <span class="bibl">D.18.2</span>; also <b class="b3">βέβουλα</b> (προ-) <span class="bibl">Il.1.113</span> (<b class="b3">ἐβέβουλε</b> dub. in Epigr. in <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1894.907):— forms with augm. <b class="b3">ἠ-</b> are found in Att. Inscrr. from 300 B.C. onwards, as <span class="title">IG</span>22.657, al., and occur frequently in Mss. as <b class="b3">ἠβούλοντο</b> v.l.in <span class="bibl">Th. 2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">6.79</span>, ἠβούλου <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>11</span>; said to be Ionic in <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>2.374.— An Act. <b class="b3">βούλητε</b>( = [[βούλησθε]]) Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>361.10 (iv A. D.):—[[will]], [[wish]], [[be willing]], Hom., etc.: usu. implying choice or preference (cf. IV) opp. <b class="b3">ἐθέλω</b> 'consent', εἰ βούλει, ἐγὼ ἐθέλω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>522e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 347b</span>, <span class="bibl">437b</span>; ἐὰν βούλῃ σὺ… ἐὰν θεὸς ἐθέλῃ Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.135d; ἂν οἵ τε θεοὶ 'θέλωσι καὶ ὑμεῖς βούλησθε <span class="bibl">D.2.20</span>; οὔτ' ἀκούειν ἠθέλετ' οὔτε πιστεύειν ἐβούλεσθε <span class="bibl">Id.19.23</span>; but <b class="b3">ἐθέλω</b> is also used = 'wish', <b class="b3">λέξαι θέλω σοι, πρὶν θανεῖν, ἃ βούλομαι</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>281</span> (so ἐθέλω εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>309b</span>, but φράσαι τι βούλομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1090</span>): Hom. uses <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b> for <b class="b3">ἐθέλω</b> in the case of the gods, for with them [[wish is will]]: <b class="b3">ἐθέλω</b> is more general, and is sts. used where <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b> might have stood, e.g. <span class="bibl">Il. 7.182</span>.—Construct.: mostly c. inf., Τρώεσσιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι <span class="bibl">11.79</span>, etc.; sts. c. inf. fut., <span class="bibl">Thgn.184</span>; c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Od.4.353</span>, and freq. in Prose: when <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b> is folld. by acc. only, an inf. may generally be supplied, as <b class="b3">καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Od.20.316</span>; <b class="b3">ἔτυχεν ὧν ἐβούλετο</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τυχεῖν</b>) <span class="bibl">Antiph.18.6</span>; <b class="b3">πλακοῦντα β</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">σε λέγειν</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.52.11</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ [Ποσειδάων</b>] (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦτο γενέσθαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.15.51</span>; so <b class="b3">εἰς τὸ βαλανεῖον βούλομαι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἰέναι</b>) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1279</span>; <b class="b3">βουλοίμην ἄν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τόδε γενέσθαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>3a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. of gods, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., <b class="b3">Τρώεσσιν… ἐβούλετο νίκην</b> he [[willed]] victory to the Trojans, <span class="bibl">Il.7.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.682</span>: later c. acc., <b class="b3">τὸ βουλόμενον τὴν πολιτείαν πλῆθος</b> [[that supports]] the constitution, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Att. usages: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">βούλει</b> or <b class="b3">βούλεσθε</b> folld. by Verb in subj., <b class="b3">βούλει λάβωμαι</b>; [[would you have]] me take hold? <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>761</span>; <b class="b3">βούλει φράσω</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>79a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>596a</span>; <b class="b3">ποῦ δὴ βούλει ἀναγνῶμεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">εἰ βούλει</b> if [[you please]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1168</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.41</span>; also <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ βούλει, ἐὰν δὲ βούλῃ</b>, to express a concession, or if [[you like]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>201a</span>, etc.; εἰ μὲν β., φρονήσει, εἰ δὲ β., ἰσχύι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 432a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὁ βουλόμενος</b> [[any one who likes]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.54</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.26</span>, etc.; ἔδωκεν ἅπαντι τῷ βουλομένῳ <span class="bibl">D.21.45</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ β</b>. the 'common in former', <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>918</span> (whence, in jest, <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">908</span>); <b class="b3">ὅστις βούλει</b> who or which ever [[you like]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>517b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>432a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">βουλομένῳ μοί ἐστι</b>, c. inf., it is [[according to]] my [[wish]] that... <span class="bibl">Th.2.3</span>; εἰ σοὶ β. ἐστὶν ἀποκρίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>448d</span>; also τὰ θεῶν οὕτω βουλόμεν' ἔσται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>33</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κεἰνου βουλόμενον</b> his [[wish]], ib. <span class="bibl">1270</span>; but with pass. sense, <b class="b3">τὸ β</b>. the [[object of desire]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>37</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Art.</span>28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τί βουλόμενος</b>; [[with]] what <b class="b2">purpose?</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>63a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.172</span>; τί βουληθεὶς πάρει <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1100</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[mean]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>362e</span>, <span class="bibl">590e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τί ἡμῖν βούλεται οὗτος ὁ μῦθος</b><b class="b2">;</b> (folld. by <b class="b3">β. λέγειν ὡς</b>… ) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>156c</span>; τί β. σημαίνειν τὸ τέρας <span class="bibl">D.H.4.59</span>; <b class="b3">βούλεται εἶναι</b> [[professes]] or [[pretends]] to be, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>595c</span>; β. τὸ ὄνομα ἐπικεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>412c</span>; freq. in Arist., <b class="b3">τὸ ἀκούσιον βούλεται λέγεσθαι οὐκ εἰ</b>… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1110b30</span>; <b class="b3">β. ἄσωτος εἶναι ὁ ἕν τι κακὸν ἔχων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1119b34</span>; <b class="b3">β. ὁ πρᾶος ἀτάραχος εἶναι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1125b33</span>; [[tend]] to be, ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος φύσις β. εἶναι ἄχυμος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sens.</span>441a3</span>; <b class="b3">β. ἤδη τότε εἶναι πόλις ὅταν</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1261b12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1293b40</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ φύσις β. μὲν τοῦτο ποιεῖν πολλάκις, οὐ μέντοι δύναται</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1255b3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>778a4</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> to [[be wont]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.3.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> folld. by <b class="b3">ἤ</b>... [[prefer]], for <b class="b3">βούλομαι μᾶλλον</b> (which is more usu. in Prose), <b class="b3">βούλομ' ἐγὼ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι</b> I [[had rather]]... <span class="bibl">Il.1.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.594</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.232</span>, <span class="bibl">11.489</span>, <span class="bibl">12.350</span>; β. τὸ μέν τι εὐτυχέειν… ἢ εὐτυχέειν τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.40</span>; <b class="b3">β. παρθενεύεσθαι πλέω χρόνον ἢ πατρὸς ἐστερῆσθαι</b> (for <b class="b3">πολὺν χρόνον, μᾶλλον ἤ</b>… ) ib.<span class="bibl">124</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span> 351</span>; less freq. without <b class="b3">ἤ... πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν οἴκοι ἔχειν</b> I much [[prefer]]... <span class="bibl">Il.1.112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.88</span>. (<b class="b2">gu̯el-gu̯ol-</b>, cf. the dialectic forms.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[want]], [[wish]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Arc.-Cypr. Eretr. (also Hom., s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 311) <b class="b3">βόλομαι</b>, Lesb. <b class="b3">βόλλομαι</b>, Dor. (Cret.) <b class="b3">βώλομαι</b>; Thess. <b class="b3">βέλλομαι</b>, Boeot. <b class="b3">βείλομη</b>, Dor. (Heracl. etc.) <b class="b3">δήλομαι</b>, Locr. Delph. <b class="b3">δείλομαι</b>. - Other tempora are based on the present: <b class="b3">βουλήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἐβουλήθην</b>, <b class="b3">βεβούλημαι</b>; to <b class="b3">βέβουλα</b> (Α 113) below.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">βουλή</b> [[will]], [[decision]], [[council]] (Il.); Dor. Arc. <b class="b3">βωλά</b>, Lesb. <b class="b3">βόλλα</b>. Denomin. <b class="b3">βουλεύω</b> (<b class="b3">βωλ-</b>, <b class="b3">βολλ-εύω</b>), <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[deliberate]] (Il.), with many deriv.: <b class="b3">βούλευμα</b>, <b class="b3">βουλεία</b>, <b class="b3">βουλευτής</b>, <b class="b3">βουλευτήριον</b> [[council-chamber]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [472?] <b class="b2">*gʷel-</b> (<b class="b2">*gʷelh₃-</b>?) [[want]], [[wish]]<br />Etymology: The verb is much discussed and there is no agreement on its history. The root must have been <b class="b2">*gʷel-\/gʷol-</b>. - There may have been a perfect with present meaning <b class="b3">*βέβολα</b>, a trace of which could be <b class="b3">προ-βέβουλα</b> (Α 113) with newly introduced <b class="b3">ου</b> from <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b>. The o-vocalism and the <b class="b3">β-</b> may have been spread from the perfect. (There may also have been influence of <b class="b3">βουλή</b>, but this may itself have been derived from the present.) But it seems doubtful that the perfect alone is the source of all the o-vowels. - The central problem is the origin of the present. One has assumed an <b class="b2">n-</b> or an <b class="b2">s-</b>suffix; Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 315f. thinks only <b class="b3">-λν-</b> can explain the compensatory lengthening. S. Slings, Mnemosyne 28 (1975) 1-16. - Recently Peters, FS Risch 1986, 311, suggests a root in <b class="b2">-h₃</b>. This may help explain the o-vocalism. A nasal present <b class="b2">*gʷl-n-h₃-</b> would have given <b class="b3">*βαλνο-</b> [or <b class="b3">βλανο-</b>?] which was replaced by <b class="b3">*βολν-</b>. Pamphylian <b class="b3">βΟλΕμενος</b> would have <b class="b3">βολε-</b> < <b class="b3">*βελο-</b> < <b class="b2">*gʷelh₃-</b>. Many problems of detail remain. E.g. there is no evidence for <b class="b3">βλω-</b> and no basis for the introduction of the <b class="b2">o-</b>vocalism; in this view the e-vocalism is also problematic. - On the relation between <b class="b3">βούλομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἐθέλω</b> and <b class="b3">λῆν</b> s. Braun Atti R. Ist. Veneto 98, 337ff.; Rödiger Glotta 8, 1ff.; Wifstrand Eranos 40, 16ff.