δύο: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], also δύω in Ep., Eleg. and late, <span class="title">SIG</span>1231 (Nicomedia, iii/ iv A. D.), not in Ion. Inscrr. nor in Trag. (<b class="b3">δύο ῥοπάς</b> shd. be read in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1090</span>), nor in Att. Prose or Inscrr.: Lacon. acc. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> δύε <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1; Thess. fem. <b class="b3">δύας</b> ib.9(2).517: gen. and dat. δυοῖν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span>1.3</span>, but f.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.11</span>,<span class="bibl">91</span> [used as monos. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>640</span>, cf. [[δώδεκα]] for <b class="b3">δυώδ</b>-]; later Att. also <b class="b3">δυεῖν</b> (esp. in fem. gen.) found in codd. of <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span> 536</span>, cited fr. Th. by Ael.Dion.(?) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>372</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.20</span> (cod. Laur.); Boeot. δουῖν Corinn.<span class="title">Supp.</span>2.54; later δυσί, δυσὶν ἡμέραις <span class="bibl">Th.8.101</span> codd., <b class="b3">δυσὶν ἡμέρῃσι</b> v.l. in Hp.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp</b>.) 67; δυοῖν ὄμμασι καὶ δυσὶν ἀκοαῖς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1287b27</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Men.699</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>344.26 (Teos, iv B.C.), etc.: early Att. Inscrr. have δυοῖν <span class="title">IG</span>12.3.10, al., later δυεῖν <span class="title">SIG</span>2587.286, <span class="title">IG</span>22.463.78, al., from cent. iii on <b class="b3">δυσί</b> ib.1028.27, al.; Ion. gen. δυῶν <span class="title">GDI</span>5653d9 (Chios), <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.94</span>, <span class="bibl">130</span>, etc., dat. <b class="b3">δυοῖσι</b> ib. <span class="bibl">32</span>,<span class="bibl">7.104</span>; <b class="b3">δυῶν</b> also Dor., <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.40, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.139; δυοῖς <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>7.46.— Used indecl., like [[ἄμφω]], by Hom. (who has no gen. or dat. <b class="b3">δυοῖν</b>), τῶν δύο μοιράων <span class="bibl">Il.10.253</span>; δύω κανόνεσσι <span class="bibl">13.407</span>, etc.; so in Hdt. and Att., δύο νεῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.82</span>; δύο ζεύγεσι <span class="bibl">Id.3.130</span>; δύο νεῶν <span class="bibl">Th.3.89</span>; δύο πλέθρων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.9</span>; with dual, <b class="b3">δύο μναῖν</b> dub. l. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span> 2.5.2</span>; but not in Trag. and rare in Com., ἔτεσιν δύο <span class="bibl">Alex.105</span>; δύ' ἔτεσιν <span class="bibl">Damox.2.3</span>: not in Att. Inscrr. before the Roman period, <span class="title">IG</span>3.1443, al.:—[[two]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.16</span>, etc.; in Hom., <b class="b3">δύο</b> and <b class="b3">δύω</b> are sts. joined with plural Nouns, δύο δ' ἄνδρες <span class="bibl">18.498</span>, al.; also in Trag., δύο κριούς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>237</span> (lyr.); in Att. Prose, δύο τέχνας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>464b</span>; but <b class="b3">δυοῖν</b> is rare with plural Nouns, ὀρθοστάταις δυοῖν <span class="title">IG</span>2.1054.64; <b class="b3">ἕνα καὶ δύο</b> one or [[two]], a few, <span class="bibl">Il.2.346</span>; δύ' ἢ τρεῖς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>829</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 3.5.20</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς δύο</b> [[two and two]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.17</span>; <b class="b3">σὺν δύο</b> [[two]] together, <span class="bibl">Il. 10.224</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.66</span>; <b class="b3">δύο ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν</b> to split the state into [[two]], divide it, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1310a4</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: numer.<br />Meaning: [[two]]<br />Other forms: ep. eleg. also <b class="b3">δύω</b>, Lac. etc. also <b class="b3">δύ(Ϝ)ε</b> (after <b class="b3">κύν-ε</b> etc.), oblique forms <b class="b3">δυοῖν</b> (Att. <b class="b3">δυεῖν</b> since IV-IIIa), <b class="b3">δυῶν</b>, <b class="b3">δυοῖσ(ι</b>), <b class="b3">δυσί</b>; also indeclinable ( Il.); see Schwyzer 588f.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[dwo]], [[duwoupi]] \/[[dwouphi]]\/.<br />Compounds: As first member (beside usual <b class="b3">δι-</b>, s. <b class="b3">δίς</b>) e. g. in <b class="b3">δυο-ποιός</b> [[making two]] (Arist.), and in univerbations like <b class="b3">δυο-καί-δεκα</b> (Il. a. o.);<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">δυοστός</b> [[half]] (Sch.), after <b class="b3">εἰκοστός</b> etc.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [228] <b class="b2">*duu̯o</b>, <b class="b2">*duu̯-eh₃</b>(?) [[two]]<br />Etymology: The final short of <b class="b3">δύο</b> also in Arm. [[erko-tasan]] [[twelve]] and in Skt. (Ved.) deriv. <b class="b2">dva-ká-</b> [[in pairs]] (Lat. [[duo]] is due to the Iambenkürzung). <b class="b2">*duu̯o</b> is also found in Goth. [[twa]] and [[wit]] [[we two]] and in OIr. [[da]]. (Cowgill, MSS 46 (1985) 13-28). <b class="b3">δύο</b> from <b class="b3">δύω</b> or <b class="b3">*δύοι</b> (= Skt. <b class="b2">duvé</b>, OCS <b class="b2">dъvě</b> f. n.) before vowel does not convince. Therefore <b class="b3">δύο</b> beside the dual <b class="b3">δύω</b> (= Skt. <b class="b2">duvā́</b>, OCS [[dъva]] m.) must be an old indeclinable. Beside IE <b class="b2">*duu̯ō</b> and <b class="b2">*duu̯ōu</b> (in Skt. <b class="b2">duváu</b>) there was monosyllabic <b class="b2">*du̯ō(u</b>) in <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)ώ-δεκα</b>, Arm. [[erku]], Skt. <b class="b2">dvā́(u</b>), Hitt. <b class="b2">dā-</b> in <b class="b2">dā-yuga-</b> [[two years old]], [[dān]] [[a second time]]. See Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 3, 341ff. and Cowgill l.c. who assumes <b class="b2">*dúu̯o</b> beside <b class="b2">*duu̯ó</b> (which was <b class="b2">*duu̯eh₃(u)</b>, rather than <b class="b2">*duu̯oh₁</b> with <b class="b2">o-</b>stem inflection).