εἶδος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, (<b class="b3">εἴδω</b> A) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">that which is seen: form, shape</b>, freq. in Hom., of the human [[form]] or [[figure]], esp. abs. in acc. with Adjs., <b class="b3">εἶδος ἄριστος, ἀγητός, κακός</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.3.39</span>,<span class="bibl">5.787</span>, <span class="bibl">10.316</span>; ἀλίγκιος ἀθανάτοισιν <span class="bibl">Od.8.174</span>; opp. <b class="b3">φρένες</b>, <span class="bibl">17.454</span>; opp. <b class="b3">βίη</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.316</span>; <b class="b3">δευτέρα πεδ' Ἀγιδὼν τὸ εἶ</b>. <span class="bibl">Alcm.23.58</span>; τὸ εἶδος τῆς γυναικὸς ὑπερεπαινέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.8</span>, etc.; [[appearance]], of a dog, <span class="bibl">Od.17.308</span>; ὄφιες ποικίλοι τὰ εἴδεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.107</span>; εἴδεα [τῶν θεῶν] σημήναντες <span class="bibl">Id.2.53</span>; γυνὴ τό γ' εἶδος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>267</span>: hence, periphr. for [[person]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1177</span>; τὸ ἐπ' εἴδει καλόν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>210b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> esp. of [[beauty of person]], [[comeliness]], εἴδεος ἐπαμμένος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.199</span>; πλούτῳ καὶ εἴδει προφέρων <span class="bibl">Id.6.127</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> Medic., <b class="b2">physique, habit of body, constitution</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hum.</span>1</span>: more freq. in pl., Id.Aër.<span class="bibl">3</span>, al.; <b class="b3">εἴδεα εὔχροά τε καὶ ἀνθηρά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[shape]], σχῆμα καὶ εἶδος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Off.</span>3</span>, cf. <span class="title">Mochl.</span>6, etc.; [[pattern]], of 'figurate' numbers, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ph.</span>203a15</span>; ἡ μονὰς εἶδος εἰδῶν τυγχάνει <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>4, cf. 17; [[decorative pattern]] or [[figure]], <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>29</span> (pl.); of a musical scale, τοῦ διὰ τεσσάρων τρία εἰδη <span class="bibl">Aristox.<span class="title">Harm.</span>p.74</span> M. (identified with <b class="b3">σχῆμα</b>, ibid.): in pl., [[shapes]], i.e. [[various kinds of atoms]] (cf. [[ἰδέα]]), Democr. ap. <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Sens.</span>51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Geom., <b class="b3">δύο εἴδη τῷ εἴδει δεδομένα</b> two [[figures]] given [[in species]], <span class="bibl">Euc.<span class="title">Dat.</span>53</span>, etc.; esp. in central conics, [[rectangle formed by a transverse diameter and the corresponding parameter]], <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg. <span class="title">Con.</span>1.14</span>,<span class="bibl">21</span>, al.; also, [[species]] of numbers, of the terms in an algebraical expression involving different powers of the unknown quantity, Dioph.<span class="title">Def.</span>11. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[form]], [[kind]], or [[nature]], τῶν ἀλλέων παιγνιέων τὰ εἴδεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.94</span>; τὸ εἶ. τῆς νόσου <span class="bibl">Th.2.50</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν ἁρμονίας εἴδει εἶναι, γενέσθαι</b>, to be or become [[like]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cra.</span>394d</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου εἴδει</b> by [[way]] of medicine, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>389b</span>; <b class="b3">νόμων ἔχει εἶδος</b> is in [[the province]] of law, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1286a3</span>; [[situation]], [[state]] of things, σκέψασθε ἐν οἵῳ εἴδει… τοῦτο ἔπραξαν <span class="bibl">Th.3.62</span>; [[plan of action]], [[policy]], ἐπὶ εἶδος τρέπεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.6.77</span>, <span class="bibl">8.56</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἄλλ' εἶδος τρέπεσθαι</b> take up another [[line]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>317</span>; [[specific notion]], [[meaning]], [[idea]], ἂν παρέχῃ τὸ ἓν εἶ. δύο ὀνόματα... περὶ ἑνὸς εἴδεος δύο ὀνόματα οὐ τὰ αὐτά <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.24.1</span>; [[department]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>12</span> (but also, [[elementary nature]] or [[quality]], ib. <span class="bibl">15</span>); [[type]], [[sort]], πυρετῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Epid.</span>3.12</span>; αὐγῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Off.</span>3</span>, etc.: Rhet., [[style]] of writing, τὰ εἴδη τῶν λόγων <span class="bibl">Isoc.13.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span> 1441b9</span> (pl.); later, [[definite literary form]], Men.Rh.init., Procl.<span class="title">Chrest.</span> p.243 W., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>295.52</span>; also, [[example of a style]], ὅλοις εἴδεσι <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.74</span>; later, [[single poem]], applied to Pindar's odes by Sch.; also, [[written statement]], ἀναγνωσθέντος εἴδους <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.65.11</span> (ii A.D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>287.12</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[class]], [[kind]], πᾶν τὸ τῶν πίστεων εἶδος <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.280</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.24.192</span>: freq. in Pl., <b class="b3">περὶ παντὸς τοῦ εἴδους… ἐν ᾧ</b>… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span> 178a</span>; <b class="b3">ἑνὶ εἴδει περιλαβεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">148d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ταὐτὸν ἐμπέπτωκεν εἶδος</b> ib. <span class="bibl">205d</span>, etc.; [[logical species]], [[Sph]].<span class="bibl">235d</span>; ἓν εἶδος ἀποχωρίζειν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>262e</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς διαφορὰς ὁπόσαιπερ ἐν εἴδεσι κεῖνται</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">285b</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1057b7</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cat.</span>2b7</span>; as a subdivision of <b class="b3">γένος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1393a27</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους πεύκη, εἴδει διαφέρουσα</b>, Dsc.1.69. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[ἰδέα]] 11.2, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>103e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>596a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prm.</span>132a</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>990b9</span>, al., etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[form]], opp. matter (ὕλη), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>187a18</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1029a29</span>: hence, [[formal cause]], [[essence]], ib.<span class="bibl">1032b1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in later Gr., [[wares]] of different kinds, [[goods]], POxy.109.1 (iii/iv A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>34.7</span> (ii A.D.): hence, [[payments in kind]], opp. <b class="b3">χρυσίον</b>, <span class="bibl">Just.<span class="title">Nov.</span>17.8</span>, cf. <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>1.4.18, al.; [[spices]], Lyd.<span class="title">Mag.</span>3.61; [[groceries]], Anon.post Max.p.120 L.; <b class="b3">εἶ. ἰατρικόν</b> [[drug]], Hsch. s.v. [[νίτρον]], cf. <span class="title">Hippiatr.</span>129.54 and v. [[ἑξάειδος, τετράειδος, τρίειδος]]; of a chemical [[reagent]], Zos.Alch.p.205 B.</span>