λευγαλέος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, (v. <b class="b3">λυγρός</b>): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of persons, [[in sad]] or [[sorry plight]], [[wretched]], πτωχῷ λ. ἐναλίγκιον <span class="bibl">Od.16.273</span>; λ. ἐσόμεσθα <span class="bibl">2.61</span>. Adv. -έως<b class="b3">, χωρεῖν</b> to go [[in ill plight]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.723</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of conditions, etc., [[sore]], [[baneful]], <b class="b3">νῦν δέ με λ. θανάτῳ εἵμαρτο ἁλῶναι</b>, i.e. by drowning, <span class="bibl">21.281</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.359</span>; <b class="b3">κήδεσιν… λευγαλέοισι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">399</span>; ἄλγεσι λ. <span class="bibl">20.203</span>; πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λ. <span class="bibl">Il.13.97</span>; ἐν δαῒ λ. <span class="bibl">14.387</span>; φρεσὶ λ. πιθήσας <span class="bibl">9.119</span>; λ. ἐπέεσσιν <span class="bibl">20.109</span>; ἤθεα λ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>525</span>; <b class="b3">ποινή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">754</span>; κόρος <span class="bibl">Thgn.1174</span>; ἀνῖαι <span class="bibl">A.R.1.295</span>; κέντρον <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span> 836</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> rarely of material objects, <b class="b3">λ. χιτών</b> [[sorry]] tunic, Philet. 17. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">λευγαλέα· διάβροχος</b>, Phot., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>561.28</span> (prob. an error due to misunderstanding of <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>785</span>).</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">wretched, unhappy, sore, baneful etc.</b> (Il.). -<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">λυγρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.). Parallel to <b class="b3">λευγ-αλέος</b> : <b class="b3">λυγ-ρός</b> are <b class="b3">ἐρευθ-αλέος</b> (late) : <b class="b3">ἐρυθ-ρός</b>; <b class="b3">λευγαλέος</b> is isolated and archaic; from a noun ? (<b class="b3">*λεῦγος</b> like <b class="b3">ἔρευθος</b>?; cf. <b class="b3">ἀργ-αλέος</b> : <b class="b3">ἄλγος</b>, <b class="b3">θαρσ-αλέος</b> : <b class="b3">θάρσος</b> a. o., Schwyzer 484; or from an old <b class="b2">l-</b>stem?); <b class="b3">λυγρός</b> is also isolated (perh. from a primary verb, s. below).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [686] <b class="b2">*leuǵ-</b> [[break]]<br />Etymology: The Greek adj. have in the other languages no directe agreement but several cognate forms, of which Lat. [[lūgeō]] [[be sad]] is semantically closest; it can be understood as an iterative-intensive secondary formation or as a denomin. (: <b class="b2">*lūgus</b> < IE <b class="b2">*lougo-s</b> m. beside <b class="b3">*λεῦγος</b> < IE <b class="b2">*leugos-</b> n.; also in [[lūgubris]] ?). -Behind the psychic representations of sadness and unhappiness in [[lūgeō]], <b class="b3">λευγαλέος</b>, <b class="b3">λυγρός</b> there were no doubt terms for the outward expressions of these feelings (cf. Ernout-Meillet s. [[lūgeō]]); thus one finds connection with some primary verbs for <b class="b2">breach a. o.</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">rujáti</b> [[break]], [[torment]], Lith. <b class="b2">lū́ž-ti</b> [[break]] (intr.; <b class="b2">širdìs lúžta</b> [[the heart breaks]]), OHG [[liohhan]] [[tear]], [[draw]] (but Arm. [[lucanem]] [[make loose]] rather with Meillet BSL 26. 4 to <b class="b3">λύω</b>, s. d.). - Further forms (for Greek unimportant) in WP. 2, 412f., Pok. 686, W.-Hofmann s. [[lūgeō]], Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">láužti</b>. - On <b class="b3">ἀλυκτοπέδη</b> s. v.