ἀληθής: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Dor. ἀλᾱθής, ές, (<b class="b3">λήθω</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> = [[λανθάνω]]: ἀληθὲς τὸ μὴ λήθῃ ὑποπῖπτον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>62.51</span>):—[[unconcealed]], so [[true]], [[real]], opp. [[false]], [[apparent]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> Hom., opp. <b class="b3">ψευδής</b>,in phrases <b class="b3">ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι, εἰπεῖν, ἀγορεύειν, ἀληθὲς ἐνισπεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.382</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.254</span>, <span class="bibl">3.254</span>, <span class="bibl">247</span>, al.; in Hdt. and Att. <b class="b3">τὸ ἀληθές</b>, by Trag. crasis <b class="b3">τἀληθές</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">τὠληθές</b> (<span class="bibl">Hdt.6.68</span>, <span class="bibl">69</span>), or <b class="b3">τὰ ἀληθῆ</b>, by crasis <b class="b3">τἀληθῆ</b>, etc.; ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χρᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.14</span>, etc.; οἱ ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ βασιλέες <span class="bibl">1.120</span>; ἀληθεστάτη πρόφασις <span class="bibl">Th.1.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of persons, etc., [[truthful]], [[honest]] (not in Hom., v. infr.), ἀ. νόος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.92</span>; κατήγορος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>439</span>; κριτής <span class="bibl">Th.3.56</span>; <b class="b3">οἶνος ἀ</b>. `[[in vino veritas]]', <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>217e</span>; ὁ μέσος ἀ. τις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1108a20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of oracles, [[true]], [[unerring]], ἀλαθέα μαντίων θῶκον <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>11.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>993</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1537</span>; of dreams, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>710</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of qualities or events, [[true]], [[real]], φίλος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>424</span>; ἀ. τὸ πραχθέν <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.6</span>; [[genuine]], ἀ. εἶναι δεῖ τὸ σεμνόν, οὐ κενόν <span class="bibl">Men.596</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[realizing itself]], [[coming to fulfilment]], ἀρά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>944</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Adv. <b class="b3">ἀληθῶς</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-θέως</b>, [[truly]], <span class="bibl">Simon.5.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.11</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>315</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[actually]], [[in reality]], <b class="b3">γένος τόδε Ζηνός ἐστιν ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">585</span>; ἀ. οὐδὲν ἐξῃκασμένα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1244</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.22</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀ. μουσικήν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">οὖσαν</b>) <span class="bibl">Antiph.209.6</span>:—<b class="b3">ὡς ἀ</b>. [[in the true way]], [[really]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>739</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>63a</span>, etc.; ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀ. μήτηρ <span class="bibl">D.21.149</span>: Comp. -εστέρως <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>347e</span>, -έστερον <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.4</span>: Sup. -έστατα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.8.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> neut. as Adv., proparox. <b class="b3">ἄληθες;</b> <b class="b2">indeed? really?</b> ironically, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 350</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>758</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>241</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>840</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Av.</span>174</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τὸ ἀληθές</b> [[truly]], Ion. τὠληθές <span class="bibl">Herod.7.70</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> [[not forgetting]], [[careful]], γυνὴ χερνῆτις ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.12.433</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>24.233</span>:—the sense [[honest]] is post- Hom. ἀληθ-ίζω, [[dye with genuine purple]], PHolm.18.6. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Med. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, = [[ἀληθεύω]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.136</span>, <span class="bibl">3.72</span>, Plu.2.230b, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.39</span>, <span class="bibl">59</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[true]], [[real]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Dor. <b class="b3">ἀλαθής</b><br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀληθείη</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> and <b class="b3">ἀλήθεια</b> (younger, Schwyzer 469) [[truth]], [[reality]]. - Verb: <b class="b3">ἀληθεύω</b> [[speak the truth]] (S.)<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [651] <b class="b2">*leh₂dʰ-</b> [[be hidden]]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">ἀληθής</b> can be a compound with <b class="b3">α</b> privativum and <b class="b3">*λῆθος</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">λᾶθος</b> , or <b class="b3">λήθη</b>, or <b class="b3">λήθω</b>, with <b class="b3">λαθ-</b> meaning [[be hidden]], [[be unknown]]. Cf. W. Luther "Wahrheit" und "Lüge". Borna-Leipzig 1935; Frisk GHÅ 41 (1935 : 3), 18.