ἀρετή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ᾰ], ἡ,</b> <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[goodness]], [[excellence]], of any kind, in Hom. esp. of [[manly]] qualities, ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων <span class="bibl">Il.20.411</span>; ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετὰς ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι καὶ νόον <span class="bibl">15.642</span>; so of the gods, τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀ. τιμή τε βίη τε <span class="bibl">9.498</span>; also of women, <span class="bibl">Od.2.206</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. εἵνεκα</b> for [[valour]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.92</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀπεδείκνυντο</b> displayed [[brave deeds]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">9.40</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> later, of the gods, chiefly in pl., [[glorious deeds]], [[wonders]], [[miracles]], <span class="title">SIG</span>1172, <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.17</span>; ζῶσαι ἀ. <span class="title">IG</span>14.966, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>2.9</span>: also in sg., ὄψιν ἰδοῦσα ἀρετὴν τῆς θεοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>2.1426[[b]], cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll. 62</span>, <span class="title">BSA</span>21.169,180. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[excellence]], ἡ ἀ. τελείωσίς τις <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1021b20</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1106a15</span>, etc.; of persons, ἄνδρα πὺξ ἀρετὰν εὑρόντα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>, <span class="bibl">B.9.13</span>, etc.; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀ. μεγίστη <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 112</span>: in pl., [[forms of excellence]], μυρίαι ἀνδρῶν ἀ. <span class="bibl">B.13.8</span>, cf. Gorg. <span class="title">Fr.</span>8, etc.; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>; esp. [[moral virtue]], <span class="bibl">Democr. 179</span>, <span class="bibl">263</span>, al., Gorg.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6; opp. <b class="b3">κακία</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.21</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 963a</span>, <span class="bibl">963c</span> sq., <span class="bibl">D.60.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1102a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1295a37</span>, etc.; [[good nature]], [[kindness]], etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>163</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of animals, things, as land, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.198</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐν ἀρετῇ κειμένη γῆ</b> [[productive]] land, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.165</span> (ii B. C.); ἵππου <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.88</span>; <b class="b3">κυνῶν, ἵππων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>; <b class="b3">σκεύους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">601d</span>; [<b class="b3">ἀστακοῦ</b>] <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24</span>; ἀ. βίου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618c</span>; πολιτείας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>886b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[prosperity]], <span class="bibl">Od.13.45</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. εἴς τινα</b> [[active merit]], [[good service]] done him, ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας <span class="bibl">Th.3.58</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.40</span>; ἀ. περί τινα <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>1.4.8</span>; ἀνταποδοῦναι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.4.19</span>; ἀρετὰς παρασχέσθαι ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">D.19.312</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα</b>, freq. in honorary Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>22.107.14, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[reward]] of excellence, [[distinction]], [[fame]], πλούτῳ δ' ἀρετὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>313</span>, cf. Sapph.80, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.53</span>, al.; ἀθάνατος ἀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1420</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>208d</span>; ἃ ἆθλα τοῦ πολέμου τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐστίν, ἐλευθερία καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Lycurg.49</span>; of God, δόξα καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>1.3</span>: in pl., [[glories]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.2</span>, al.; πλοῦτος ἀρεταῖς δεδαιδαλμένος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span> 2.53</span>; γενναίων ἀ. πόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>357</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.2.26</span>; προγόνων ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618b</span>; in LXX freq. of the [[praises]] of God, <span class="bibl">Is.42.8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">Ἀρετή</b> personified, <span class="bibl">Prodic.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>675</span>, <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>, <span class="title">CIG</span>2786, <span class="title">SIG</span> 985.10, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. σου</b> as a title, Your [[worship]], PLips.13 ii 20, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> an [[engine of war]], <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.38.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> a [[plaster]], Androm. ap. Gal.13.531.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[excellence]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">αἰναρέτη</b> voc. [[terribly brave]] (Il.)<br />Derivatives: Denom. <b class="b3">ἀρετάω</b> [[prosper]], [[thrive]] (Od.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [00] <b class="b2">*h₂erh₁-</b><br />Etymology: Not to <b class="b3">ἀρέ-σκω</b> for semantic reasons; rather to <b class="b3">ἀρείων</b>, <b class="b3">ἄρειος</b>, s. the lit. in Schwyzer 501. The relation to <b class="b3">ἀραρίσκω</b> would be very remote.