ἀ-: Difference between revisions

|Definition=as insep. Prefix in compos.: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> α στερητικόν (Sch.<span class="bibl">Od. 3.279</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.985.16</span>), expressing [[want]] or [[absence]] (cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1022b32</span>), as [[σοφός]] wise, [[ἄσοφος]] [[un]]wise: for [[n]], the weak form of the negative [[ne]], commonly used in the formation of adjs. and advbs., very rarely in that of vbs. and substs., cf. <b class="b3">ἀδώτης, ἀτιμάω, ἀτίω</b>. Before a vowel it usu. appears as <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> (exc. where ϝ or [[spiritus asper]] has been lost, as <b class="b3">ἄ-οινος, ἄ-υπνος</b>, when it sts. coalesces with the following vowel, as [[ἀργός]] = [[ἀ-ϝεργός]]): the forms <b class="b3">ἀνάεδνος, ἀνάελπτος</b> are probably misspelt for <b class="b3">ἀν-έϝεδνος, -έϝελπτος</b>. Adjs. formed with it freq. take gen., esp. in Trag., cf. <b class="b3">ἀλαμπὲς ἡλίου</b>, = [[ἄνευ λάμψεως ἡλίου]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>691</span>. [ᾰ, exc. in adjs. which begin with three short syllables, which have ᾱ in Ep., and freq. also in Lyr., Trag., and Com.; [[ἀθάνατος]] invariably has [[ᾱθ]].] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">α ἀθροιστικόν</b> (<span class="bibl">Eust. 641.61</span>; τὸ ἄλφα σημαίνει πολλαχοῦ τὸ ὁμοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>405c</span>), properly <b class="b3">ἁ-</b>since it represents <b class="b2">sm-</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ἅμα, εἷς</b> = [[sems]]), and so in <b class="b3">ἁπλόος, ἁθρόος</b>: but freq. [[ἀ-]] by dissimilation from following aspirate, as <b class="b3">ἄ-λοχος</b>, and hence by analogy in <b class="b3">ἄ-κοιτις</b>, etc., q.v.: sts. in the form <b class="b3">ὀ-</b>, as in <b class="b3">ὄπατρος, ὀγάστριος, ὄζυξ. [ᾰ.]</b> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">α ἐπιτατικόν</b> (<span class="bibl">Eust. 641.61</span>), strengthening the force of compds., as <b class="b3">ἀ-τενής;</b> prob. identical in etymology with ''ΙΙ'', from which it is distinguished by Gramm., who sts. confuse it with <span class="bibl">1</span>; v. [[ἀδάκρυτος]]. [ᾰ.]</span><br /><span class="bld">ἀ-</span> as a prothetic vowel, usually before a double consonant, as <b class="b3">ἀ-βληχρός, ἀ-σπαίρω;</b> sts. before a single consonant, as <b class="b3">ἀ-μέλγω;</b> before a vowel where ϝ is lost, as <b class="b3">ἀ-ϝείδω. [ᾰ.]</b>