πόνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ([[πένομαι]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[work]], esp. [[hard work]], [[toil]], in Hom. mostly of [[the toil of war]], <b class="b3">μάχης π</b>. the [[toil]] of battle, <span class="bibl">Il.16.568</span>; [[πόνος]] alone, = [[μάχη]], <span class="bibl">6.77</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.12.117</span>, al.; <b class="b3">πόνον ἔχειν</b>, = [[μάχεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.525</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.2</span>, al.; ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι π. καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο <span class="bibl">17.158</span>; π. ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Thgn.987</span>; πόνοι Ἐνυαλίου <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).54</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π. ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται</b> in this [[struggle]] (at Marathon), <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.114</span>; ἐν τοῖσι Τρωϊκοῖσι π. <span class="bibl">Id.9.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[toil]], [[labour]], ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου <span class="bibl">Il.1.467</span>, al.; <b class="b3">π. ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη</b> cause [[toil]] to them, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>470</span>; <b class="b3">π. λαβόντας</b> incurring [[toil]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.24</span>; π. παρέχειν μανθάνοντι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 526c</span>; <b class="b3">μάταιος π</b>. [[labour]] in vain, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>40d</span>; οἱ κατὰ τὰ σώματα π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>294e</span>; π. συνεχής <span class="bibl">Democr.241</span>; πολλῷ π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>509</span>; μετὰ πολλοῦ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>230a</span>; σὺν π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.6</span>; οὐ μακρῷ π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>75</span>; ἄνευ π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.22</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχει πόνον πολύν</b> involves much [[trouble]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1216</span> (also <b class="b3">εἰνάλιον π. ἐχοίσας σκευᾶς</b> when the tackle [[labours]] in the sea, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.79</span>): pl., π. ἑκούσιοι <span class="bibl">Democr.240</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of special kinds of labour, [[bodily exertion]], [[exercise]], στρατιωτικοὶ π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.9</span>; of [[exertions]] in the games, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>305</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.1</span>, [[l]].<span class="bibl">4(3).47</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γυμνάσια... νεανιᾶν</b> (prob.) [[πόνον]] [[the scene of]] youthful [[labours]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>211</span> (lyr.); εἰναλίοισι πόνοισι <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.39</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[work]], [[task]], [[business]], ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν <span class="bibl">Od.11.54</span>; [[enterprise]], [[undertaking]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>864</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">implements for labour, stock-in-trade</b>, οὗτος τοῖς ἁλιεῦσιν ὁ πᾶς πόνος <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.14</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ πόνος ἐντὶ θάλασσα</b> the sea is their [[workshop]], <span class="bibl">Mosch.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[stress]], [[trouble]], [[distress]], [[suffering]], <span class="bibl">Il.19.227</span>; Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδε' ἔθηκεν <span class="bibl">21.525</span>; ἦ μὴν καὶ π. ἐστὶν . . <span class="bibl">2.291</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π</b>., of a storm, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.190</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ Μηδικὸς [π</b>.] the [[trouble]] from the Medes, <span class="bibl">Id.4.1</span>; παῦροι ἐν πόνῳ πιστοί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.78</span>: freq. in Trag., πόνος πόνῳ πόνον φέρει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>866</span> (lyr.); πόνον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>232</span> (lyr.), etc.: in pl., [[sufferings]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>66</span>, <span class="bibl">328</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πόνους πονεῖν</b> (cf. πονέω <span class="bibl">B.1.2</span>); διά τινα πόνους ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span> 975</span> (lyr.); also of [[disease]], κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ π. <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; πλευρᾶς πόνοι καὶ θώρακος καὶ ἥπατος Dsc.1.2; <b class="b3">ἰσχίων π. καὶ πλευρᾶς</b> ib. 73. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pain]], esp. physical, δύο π. ἅμα γενομένων, μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>2.46</span>, cf. Erot. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[πόνοι]], Gal.17(2).699; π. ἐν κεφαλῇ Hp.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp</b>.) 40; ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aph.</span>4.44</span>,<span class="bibl">45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.1.27</span>, al.; π. ἐς ἀμφοτέρας κνήμας <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>1.26</span>.γ, cf. [[δ]], al., <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>34.25</span>; distd. from [[λύπη]] (pain in general), <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Quaest.</span>125.33</span>; but sts. = [[λύπη]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>3p.65U.</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sent.Vat.</span>4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>442</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.72K. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[anything produced by work]], [[a work]], <b class="b3">μελισσᾶν τρητὸς π</b>., of honey, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>6.54</span>; ὑψηλὸς τεκτόνων π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>357</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1570</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐμὸς ὠδίνων π</b>., of a child, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>30</span>; so, <b class="b3">πόνον ὀρταλίχων ὀλέσαντες</b>, i.e. the nestlings, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>54</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">τοὺς ἡμετέρους π</b>. the [[fruits of]] our [[labour]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.6.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[Πόνος]] personified as son of Eris, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>226</span>.</span>