κέρας: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, Ep. gen. κέρᾰος, Att. contr. [[κέρως]]; Ep. dat. κέρᾰϊ (elided) or [[κέραι]] or <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> κέρᾳ <span class="bibl">Il.11.385</span>, cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.75</span>, [[κέρᾳ]] also in <span class="bibl">Th. 2.90</span>, <span class="bibl">7.6</span>: nom. pl. κέρᾱ (v. infr.), gen. κεράων, κερῶν, dat. κέρασι, Ep. κεράεσσι:—Att. Inscrr. have dual [κέρ]ατε <span class="title">IG</span>12.301.109: pl. [[κέρατα]] ib.237.59; later Ep. [[κεράατα]] () <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>291</span>, [[κεράατος]] () <span class="bibl">Arat.174</span>, <span class="bibl">Q.S.6.225</span>:—Hdt.has gen. κέρεος <span class="bibl">6.111</span>, dat. κέρεϊ <span class="bibl">9.102</span>: pl. κέρεα <span class="bibl">2.38</span>, [[κερέων]] ib.<span class="bibl">132</span>; but Hp. has gen. sg. [[κέρως]], pl. [[κέρατα]], Aër.18. [In nom. and acc. [[κέρας]], [[ᾰ]] always: in the obl. cases ᾰ in Ep., as κέρᾰσιν <span class="bibl">Od.3.384</span> (in contr. dat. [[κέρᾱ]], nom. pl. [[κέρᾱ]] (cf. <span class="bibl">Batr.165</span>), a is shortened before a vowel, <span class="bibl">Il.11.385</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.211</span>); but ᾱ in Trag.and Com., κέρᾱτος <span class="bibl">Hermipp.43</span>, κέρᾱτα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>921</span>, <b class="b3">κεράτων [ᾱ</b>] prob. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>519</span> (lyr.), κέρᾱσι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>185</span>. In later Ep. the quantity varies.] ([[κέρας]] is prob. related to [[κάρα]]; cf. [[κεραός]].) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> the [[horn]] of an [[animal]], in Hom. mostly of [[ox]]en, <span class="bibl">Il.17.521</span>, etc.; ταῦροι… εἰς κέρας θυμούμενοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>743</span>; <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν</b> his eyes stood fixed and stiff like [[horn]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.19.211</span>; as a symbol of strength, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>17(18).3</span>, <span class="bibl">Diogenian.7.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>662a1</span>; of elephants' [[tusks]], <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>2.494</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[antenna]]e of [[crustacean]]s, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>526a31</span>, <span class="bibl">590b27</span>; of the silkworm's [[grub]], ib.<span class="bibl">551b10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[horn]], as a material, αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται <span class="bibl">Od.19.563</span>; the [[horn]] of animals' hoofs, <span class="bibl">Longus 2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> anything made of [[horn]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[bow]], τόξον ἐνώμα… πειρώμενος… μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν <span class="bibl">Od. 21.395</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.206</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>38</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>6.75 (Paul.Sil.); for <span class="bibl">Il.11.385</span> v. infr. [[varia lectio|v.l.]] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of musical instruments, [[horn for blowing]], σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>802a17</span>; also, [[the Phrygian flute]], because it was tipped with horn (cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.4.74</span>), αὐλεῖν τῷ κ. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>12.1</span>; καὶ κέρατι μὲν αὐλεῖν Τυρρηνοὶ νομίζουσι <span class="bibl">Poll.4.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.4.184a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[drinking]]-[[horn]], ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν <span class="bibl">Hermipp.43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.23</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>214.43 (Didyma, iii B.C.); ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. [[πίνειν]] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>166</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.280.77; ἀργυρηλάτοις κέρασι χρυσᾶ στόμια προσβεβλημένοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>185</span>; ἐκπιόντι χρύσεον κέρας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 483</span>; for measuring liquids, Gal.13.435. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">Ἀμαλθείας κέρας</b> [[cornucopia]]e, v. [[Ἀμάλθεια]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">βοὸς κ</b>. prob. a [[horn]] [[guard]] or [[cover]] attached to a fishing-line, <span class="bibl">Il.24.81</span>, cf. Sch.; ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας <span class="bibl">Od.12.253</span>; ψάμμῳ κ. αἰὲν ἐρείδων <span class="title">AP</span>6.230 (Maec.), cf. Aristarch. ap. Apollon.<span class="title">Lex.</span>s.v. [[κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ]], Arist. ap. Plu.2.977a (also expld. as a [[fishing]]-[[line]] of [[ox]]-[[hair]] (cf. infr.v.l), ap.Plu.2.976f, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.2.31</span>; perhaps an artificial [[bait]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[clyster]]-[[pipe]], <span class="bibl">Orib.8.32</span> <span class="bibl">7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in plural, [[horn]] [[point]]s with which the writing-reed was tipped, <span class="title">AP</span>6.227 (Crin.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> of objects shaped like horns, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> a mode of dressing the hair, κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ <span class="bibl">Il.11.385</span> (unless the meaning be [[bow]]), cf. Aristarch. ad loc., Herodorus and Apionap. Eust. ad loc.: hence [[κέρας]] is expld. as = [[θρίξ]] or [[κόμη]], Apollon.<span class="title">Lex.</span>, Hdn.Gr. ap. Eust.l.c., <span class="bibl">Poll.2.31</span>, Hsch.; cf. iv. l, and v. [[κεροπλάστης]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[arm]] or [[branch]] of a [[river]], Ὠκεανοῖο κέρας <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>789</span>; Νείλου <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>201</span>; τὸ Μενδήσιον κέρας <span class="bibl">Th.1.110</span>; ἐν Ἰνδοῖς ἐν τῷ Κέρατι καλουμένῳ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>835b5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mu.</span>393b5</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων</b> the '<b class="b2">Golden Horn</b>', <span class="bibl">Str.7.6.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.4.43.7</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">A.R.4.282</span>; [[Ἑσπέρου]] K., name of a [[bay]], <span class="bibl">Hanno <span class="title">Peripl.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.21.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[wing]] of an army, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>, etc.; or fleet, <span class="bibl">Id.6.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κέρας δεξιόν, κέρας λαιόν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>399</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>704</span>; τὸ εὐώνυμον κέρας ἀναπτύσσειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν</b>, to attack in [[flank]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.78</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.8</span> and <span class="bibl">28</span>; κατὰ κ. συμπεσών <span class="bibl">Plb.1.40.14</span>; πρὸς κ. μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας</b> to lead a fleet in [[column]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.12</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">14</span>; κατὰ μίαν ἐπὶ κέρως παραπλεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.32</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.3.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Eub.67.4</span>; of armies, <b class="b3">κατὰ κέρας</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ φάλαγγος</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.6.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>7.4.23</span>; εἰς κ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>4.3</span>; ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φάλαγγα καταστῆσαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.5.15</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ</b>.; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>243</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[corps]] of 8192 [[men]] = [[διφαλαγγαρχία]], Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>2.6, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>10.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> = [[μεραρχία]], Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>2.10. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[contingent]] of thirty-two [[chariot]]s, ib. 8, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Tact.</span>22.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[sailyard]], = [[κεραία]], <span class="title">AP</span>5.203 (Mel.), <span class="title">OGI</span>674.30 (Egypt, i A.D.), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>2136.6</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[mountainpeak]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>1.8</span>; [[spur]], τὸ κέρας τοῦ ὄρους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.7</span>, cf.Lyc. 534: in plural, [[extremities]] of the earth, γῆς <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>2.18</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> in Anatomy, [[extremities]] of the [[uterus]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Superf.</span>1</span>, Gal.7.266; of the diaphragm, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἁπαλὸν κέρας</b> = [[πόσθη]], <span class="bibl">Archil.171</span>, cf.Neophro (?) in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLit.Lond.</span>77</span> <span class="title">Fr.</span>2.19, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>278</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>12.95.6 (Mel.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> of the [[πήχεις]] of the [[lyre]], χρυσόδετον κέρας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>244</span> (lyr.) (rather than the [[bridge]], because made of [[horn]], <span class="bibl">Ael.Dion.<span class="title">Fr.</span>133</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.62</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι</b> to give him [[horn]]s, [[cuckold]] him, [[proverb|prov.]] in <span class="bibl">Artem.2.11</span>; cf. [[κερασφόρος]] ''ΙΙ''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κερατίνης]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VIII</span> = [[σταφυλῖνος]] [[ἄγριος]], Dsc.3.52; = [[οἰνάνθη]], dub. in Ps.-Dsc.3.120.</span>