νῦν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(for νυν, νυ, v. infr. II), Adv. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[now]], both of the [[present moment]], and of the [[present time]] generally, <b class="b3">οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν</b> mortals [[of our day]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.272</span>; so in Ion. and Att., <b class="b3">οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι]</b> men [[of the present day]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.68</span>; οἵ γε ν. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.105</span>, <span class="bibl">B.5.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1069a26</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.6</span>; <b class="b3">Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">12</span>; ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>174</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>141e</span>; ἡμέρα ἡ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>351</span>; νὺξ ἡ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>16</span>; ἡ ν. ὁδός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1295</span>; τὸ ν. [[the present]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>218a6</span>, al.; ἀπὸ τοῦ ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>152c</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>46.30</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ ν. <span class="title">AP</span>5.40 (Rufin.); ἕως τοῦ ν. <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>46.34</span>; <b class="b3">μέχρι ν</b>. (v.l. [[μ. τοῦ ν]].) <span class="bibl">D.S.17.110</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ν</b>. simply, = [[ν]]., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>641</span>, etc.; τό περ ν. <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">N.</span>7.101</span>; τὰ δὲ ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>133</span> (lyr.); τὸ ν. εἶναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>506e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>31.2</span>; τὸ ν. ἔχον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>24.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the immediate past, [[just now]], [[but now]], ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν <span class="bibl">Il.3.439</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.772</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 1.43</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.48</span>; ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>341c</span>; ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the future, [[presently]], ν. αὖτ' ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.5.279</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.307</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.200</span>; ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ' ἁγνὸς ὤν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>975</span>; cf. <b class="b3">νῦν δή, νυνί</b>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes opp. to what might have been under other circumstances, [[as it is]] (or <b class="b2">was), as the case stands</b> (or <b class="b2">stood), as a matter offact</b>, ν. δ' ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε <span class="bibl">Od.1.166</span>; εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν… ἐποιούμην· ν. δὲ κτλ. <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">3.113</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Cra.</span>384b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.195</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καὶ ν</b>. even [[so]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.4.24</span>,<span class="bibl">7.7.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> coupled with other Particles, τὰ ν. γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>245</span>, etc.; ν. γε μάν <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>1.50</span>; <b class="b3">ν. δή</b>, v. h. v. : with other expressions of Time, <b class="b3">ν.… σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.29</span>, <span class="bibl">13.828</span>; ν. ἤδη [[henceforth]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>801</span> (anap.), etc.; ν.… ἄρτι [[but now]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>396c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> enclit. (but see below) νυν<b class="b3">, νυ. [νυ</b> only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in [[ὅνυ]], q. v.); νῠν twice in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.10.105</span>, <span class="bibl">23.485</span> : ῡ in Trag. (ῡ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>242</span>,<span class="bibl">246</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>705</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1678</span>, etc.; ῠ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>92</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>91</span>, etc.), ῡ in Com. (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1381</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>975</span>, al.), exc. <span class="bibl">Cratin.144</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>105</span> (lyr., citing Agatho), and perhaps <span class="title">Nu.</span>141; both quantities in [[τοίνυν]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> rarely of Time, [[now]], perhaps so used in <span class="bibl">Il.10.105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Parm.19.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>11.44</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Epich.170.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, ἧκε δ' ἐπ' Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον <span class="bibl">Il.1.382</span>, etc. : freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., ἦ ῥά ν. <span class="bibl">4.93</span>; καί νύ κεν <span class="bibl">3.373</span>; <b class="b3">οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι</b>, <span class="bibl">10.165</span>, <span class="bibl">1.28</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεί νύ τοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">416</span>; ὥς νύ περ <span class="bibl">2.258</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in commands or entreaties, μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ' <span class="bibl">15.115</span> : freq. with other Advbs., <b class="b3">δεῦρό ν</b>. come <b class="b2">now !</b> <span class="bibl">23.485</span>; ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1001</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>149</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>724</span>; εἶά ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>467</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>430</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>316</span> : freq. with imper., <b class="b3">φέρε ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">789</span>; ἄγε ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>1056</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>381</span>; σπεῦδέ ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span>; σίγαν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>87</span>, Cratin.l.c.; περίδου ν. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>644</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.21</span>, etc.; ὕφαινέ ν. <span class="bibl">B.18.8</span>; so in Boeot., ν. ἔνθω <span class="title">IG</span>7.3172.88 (Orchom.); also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, <b class="b3">δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν</b>., <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.6,16 H. (Idalion). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in questions, <b class="b3">τίς ν. ; τί ν.</b>; who, what, why <b class="b2">now?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.5.373</span>, <span class="bibl">1.414</span>,<span class="bibl">4.31</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ</b>…; <span class="bibl">Od.6.125</span>. [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.39</span>, al.; enclit. when short, sometimes in codd., as <span class="bibl">Il.23.485</span> (Pap. in <span class="title">AJP</span>21.304, etc.; oxyt. when = [[δή]], Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27; <b class="b3">καθ' ὁμαλισμόν</b> or <b class="b3">κατ' ἔγκλισιν</b> when=[[δή]], Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span>, Sch.<span class="bibl">A.R.1.664</span>). In codd. usu. perispom. in both senses, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>82</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">246</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>705</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>324</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>414</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>758</span>,<span class="bibl">922</span>, etc.; even νῠν is written [[νῦν]] in codd. vett. Pi. [[passim]], also in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>87</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>92</span>, etc.; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of [[τοίνῡν]] perhaps shows that both νῠν and νῡν could be enclitic.—Position : in signf. I [[νῦν]] can occupy any position; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like [[ἄν, δέ, γάρ]], etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. πρός νύν σε πατρός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>468</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1333</span>; ἀπό νύν με λείπετ' ἤδη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1177</span> (lyr.); μετά νυν δός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>56</span> (lyr.); νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only [[δέ]] to precede.] (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">nú, nū́, nūnám</b>, OE. [[nū]] 'now', etc.)</span>

|txtha=and [[νυνί]] ([[which]] [[see]] in its [[place]]), adverb [[now]], Latin nunc (the Sept. for עַתָּה; (from [[Homer]] [[down]]));<br /><b class="num">1.</b> adverb of Time, [[now]], i. e. at the [[present]] [[time]];<br /><b class="num">a.</b> so used [[that]] by the [[thing]] [[which]] is [[now]] said to be or to be done the [[present]] [[time]] is opposed to [[past]] [[time]]: in [[our]] times, [[our]] [[age]]: Diogn. 1 [ET]).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> opposed to [[future]] [[time]]: [[ὕστερον]]); [[νῦν]] [[καί]] [[εἰς]] πάντας [[τούς]] αἰῶνας, ἐν τῷ καιρῷ [[τούτῳ]] added, [[νῦν]] [[with]] the [[present]] is used of [[what]] [[will]] [[occur]] [[forthwith]] or [[soon]], [[very]] [[lately]] ([[but]] [[now]], [[just]] [[now]], hyperbolically, equivalent to a [[short]] [[time]] [[ago]]), [[νῦν]] ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, Kypke at the [[passage]]; Vig. ed. Herm., p. 425f [[with]] a [[future]], of those [[future]] things [[which]] are [[thought]] of as [[already]] begun to be done, ἐστι; Winer s Grammar, § 64,2a.); or [[soon]], [[πορεύομαι]] [[merely]] has [[inherent]] [[future]] [[force]]; cf. Buttmann, § 137,10a.).<br /><b class="num">d.</b> [[with]] the [[imperative]] it [[often]] marks the [[proper]] or [[fit]] [[time]] for doing a [[thing]]: [[ἄγε]] [[νῦν]], [[come]] [[now]]: [[ἄγε]] [[νῦν]], cf. Passow, ii., p. 372).<br /><b class="num">e.</b> [[with]] [[other]] particles, by [[which]] the [[contrast]] in [[time]] is marked [[more]] [[precisely]]: [[καί]] [[νῦν]], [[even]] [[now]] ([[now]] [[also]]), and [[now]], Winer's Grammar, § 43,3a.); [[ἀλλά]] [[νῦν]], [[ἀλλά]] [[καί]] [[νῦν]], [[but]] [[even]] [[now]], T Tr [[text]] WH [[omit]]; L Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets [[ἀλλά]]); [[ἔτι]] [[νῦν]], L WH brackets [[ἔτι]]); [[νῦν]] δέ ([[see]] [[νυνί]] [[below]]) [[but]] [[now]], [[τότε]] ... [[νῦν]] δέ, [[νυνί]] δέ); [[πότε]] ... [[νῦν]] δέ, WH marginal [[reading]] [[νυνί]]); [[νῦν]] [[ἤδη]], [[now]] [[already]], [[νῦν]] [[οὖν]], [[now]] [[therefore]], τό [[νῦν]] [[ἔχον]], [[see]] [[ἔχω]], II.<br /><b class="num">b.</b> f. [[with]] the [[article]]; α. [[with]] neuter accusative [[absolutely]] of the [[article]], τά [[νῦν]], as respects the [[present]]; at [[present]], [[now]] (in [[which]] [[sense]] it is written [[also]] [[τανῦν]] (so Grab. [[always]], [[twice]]; classic editions [[often]] [[τανῦν]]; cf. Tdf. Proleg., p. 111; Chandler, Accent, § 826)): τό [[νῦν]], Krüger, § 50,5, 13; Bernhardy (1829), p. 328; [[Alexander]] Buttmann (1873) Gram. § 125,8 Anm. 8 (5)); the things [[that]] [[now]] are, the [[present]] things, as respects the things [[now]] [[taking]] [[place]], equivalent to as respects the [[case]] in [[hand]], β. ὁ, ἡ, τό [[νῦν]], the [[present]], joined to substantives: as ὁ [[νῦν]] [[αἰών]], [[καιρός]], [[νῦν]] ἱεροσαλημ, οἱ [[νῦν]] οὐρανοί, μου τῆς [[πρός]] [[ὑμᾶς]] [[νῦν]] (or [[νυνί]]) ἀπολογίας, γ. τό [[νῦν]] [[with]] prepositions: [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] [[νῦν]] (the Sept. for מֵעַתָּה)' from [[this]] [[time]] [[onward]] (A. V. from [[henceforth]]), [[ἄχρι]] [[τοῦ]] [[νῦν]], [[ἕως]] [[τοῦ]] [[νῦν]] (the Sept. for עַתָּה עַד), [[now]] and the Latin nunc, it stands in a [[conclusion]] or [[sequence]]; "as things [[now]] are, as the [[matter]] [[now]] stands; [[under]] these circumstances; in the [[present]] [[state]] of affairs; [[since]] these things are so; as it is": [[νῦν]] i. e. [[since]] ye are [[intent]] on observing the requirements of [[tradition]]; ([[but]] others [[take]] [[νῦν]] [[here]] of [[time]] — a [[covert]] [[allusion]] to a [[former]] and [[better]] [[state]] of things)); Lightfoot, Ellicott at the [[passage]]); [[καί]] [[νῦν]], [[καί]] [[νῦν]] [[δεῦρο]], [[νῦν]] δέ (and [[νυνί]] δέ [[see]], [[νυνί]], [[but]] [[note]]; [[now]] [[however]]; [[but]] as it is; ([[often]] in classical Greek; cf. Vig. edition, Herm., p. 426; Matthiae, ii., p. 1434 f; Kühner, § 498,2 (or Jelf, § 719,2)): R G in εἰ and the indicative preterite, Buttmann, § 151,26). In Revelation [[νῦν]] does [[not]] [[occur]]. (Synonym: [[see]] [[ἄρτι]].)