κριθή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, mostly in plural, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[barleycorns]], [[barley]] (cf. [[κρῖ]]), the meal being [[ἄλφιτα]]: πυρῶν ἢ κριθῶν <span class="bibl">Il.11.69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.9.110</span>, <span class="bibl">19.112</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1101</span>; κριθᾶν μέδιμμνον <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).40.7 (Epid.); τὰς οὐλοχύτας φέρε δεῦρο—τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ τί;—κριθαί <span class="bibl">Strato Com.1.35</span>; <b class="b3">οἶνος ἐκ κριθέων πεποιημένος</b> a kind of [[beer]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.77</span>; ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>953</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>106</span>; <b class="b3">κριθαὶ πεφρυγμέναι</b>, = [[κάχρυς]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.22</span>, cf. Moer.<span class="bibl">p.213</span> P.: pl., also of [[species of barley]], <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">HP</span>8.1.1</span>: sg., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.29.9</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">κ. Ἰνδική</b> [[millet]], [[Sorghum halepense]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.4.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[pustule on the eyelid]], [[stye]], <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>2.2.5</span>, Gal.12.742. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[barley-corn]], [[the smallest weight]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Lap.</span>46</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in sg., = [[πόσθη]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>965</span>. (The connection with Lat.[[hordeum]], OHG.[[gersta]] is doubtful.)</span>

|elnltext=κριθή -ῆς, ἡ meestal plur. gerst:; πεφρυγμέναι κριθαί geroosterde gerst Thuc. 6.22; ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ gerstewijn Aeschl. Suppl. 953; οἶνος ἐκ κριθέων bier Hdt. 2.77.4; seks. om penis aan te duiden:. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδεὶς ὅστις οὐ κριθὴν ἔχει er is hier niemand die geen ‘gerst’ heeft Aristoph. Pax 965. geneesk. gerstekorrel, strontje (aan ooglid).

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[barley-corns]], usually pl. [[barley]] (Il.); also metaph. = [[pustule on the eyelid]] (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of [[κριθή]], [[πυρός]], [[σῖτος]] Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.<br />Other forms: Short form [[κρῖ]] n., s. below.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κριθό-πυρον</b> n. [[mix of barley and wheat]] (pap.; cf. on [[διόσπυρον]]), [[εὔκριθος]] [[rich in barley]] (Theoc., AP). --<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: [[κριθίον]] (Luc., Longos), [[κριθίδιον]], also [[decoction of barley]] (Hp., Posidon.), [[κριθάριον]] (pap.). Further substantives: [[κριθαία]] [[barley-soup]] (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after [[ἁλμαία]] a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); [[κριθανίας]] m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside [[σιτανίας]]; after [[νεανίας]]? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: [[κρίθινος]] [[of barley]] (Ion., hell.), [[κριθάμινος]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Polyaen.; after [[σησάμινος]]), [[κριθικός]] [[consisting of barley]] (pap.), [[κριθώδης]] <b class="b2">like barley, full of barley-corns</b> (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: [[κριθάω]] [[feed oneself with barley]] (A., S.), also [[κριθιάω]] (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in <b class="b3">-ιάω</b>, Schwyzer 732) with [[κριθίασις]] <b class="b2">surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley</b> (X.); [[κριθίζω]] [[feed with barley]] (Aesop., Babr.). - GN [[Κριθώτη]] (<b class="b3">-ωτή</b>) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname [[Κρίθων]] (H.) from [[κριθή]] = [[πόσθη]] (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: The enlarged form <b class="b3">κριθ-ή</b> points to an original root noun <b class="b3">*κριθ</b>, from where ep. [[κρῖ]] n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect [[κρῖ]] with the western words for [[barley]], Lat. [[hordeum]], OHG [[gersta]], which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for [[hordeum]] and [[Gerste]] supposed basic forms, IE. <b class="b2">*ghr̥zd(h)-</b>, resp. <b class="b2">*gherzd-</b>, would have given Gr. <b class="b3">*χραζ-</b> or <b class="b3">*χρασθ-</b> > <b class="b3">*κρασθ-</b>, resp. <b class="b3">*χερδ-</b> (<b class="b3">*χερθ-</b> > <b class="b3">*κερθ-</b>). [[κρι]] agrees better with Alb. [[drith]], <b class="b2">-ë</b> [[barley]], [[wheat]], of which <b class="b2">-ri-</b> may come from IE. <b class="b2">-r̥-</b>. Also Arm. [[gari]], gen. [[garwoy]] [[wheat]] (formally = IE. <b class="b2">*ghr̥i̯o-</b>) reminds of [[κρῖ]]; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. [[qeri]] [[barley]], cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether [[κρῖ]] goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse [[κρι]] in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE [[grotan]], Engl. [[groats]] ), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. [[hordeum]]; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form <b class="b2">*krit</b>.

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：kriq» 克利帖<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（1）<br />'''原文字根'''：大麥 相當於： （[[שְׂעֹרָה]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：大麥*<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（1）；啓（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 大麥（1） 啓6:6