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==Wikipedia EN== | ==Wikipedia EN== | ||
[[Pentapolitana]] (or rarely [[Pentapolis]]) was a league of towns in the Middle Ages of the five most important Hungarian royal free cities (Latin: libera regiae civitas, Hungarian: szabad királyi város, German: Königliche Freistadt; Slovak: slobodné kráľovské mesto) of the Kingdom of Hungary; Kassa (today Košice), Bártfa (Bardejov), Lőcse (Levoča), Eperjes (Prešov), and Kisszeben (Sabinov). The cities are currently in eastern Slovakia. | A [[pentapolis]] (from Greek πεντα- penta-, 'five' and πόλις polis, 'city') is a geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. Cities in the ancient world probably formed such groups for political, commercial and military reasons, as happened later with the Cinque Ports in England. | ||
* In the biblical Holy Land, Genesis 14 describes the region where five cities — [[Sodom]], [[Gomorrah]], [[Zoara]], [[Admah]] and [[Zeboim]] — united to resist the invasion of Chedorlaomer, and of which four were shortly after destroyed. | |||
* The Philistine Pentapolis: Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza, all combined to make Philistia. | |||
* The [[Doric]] – or [[Dorian]] Pentapolis: [[Kos]], on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea; [[Cnidus]], in Caria on the west coast of Asia Minor; [[Lindus]], [[Ialysus]] and [[Camirus]], all three on Rhodes. | |||
* The [[Phrygian]] Pentapolis: [[Eucarpia]], [[Hierapolis]], [[Otrus]], [[Bruzus]], and [[Stectorium]] | |||
* The [[Pontic]] Pentapolis: [[Apollonia]], [[Callatis]], [[Mesembria]], [[Odessos]], and [[Tomis]], all on the Euxeinos Pontos (Black Sea). | |||
* The Western Pentapolis: five main Greek colonies that came to be in the Roman province of Libya Superior, the western part of [[Cyrenaica]] until Diocletian's Tetrarchy reform in AD 296 (now Libya). The most important was [[Cyrene]] and its port [[Apollonia]], [[Ptolemais]] (the next capital after Cyrene's destruction by an earthquake), port of [[Barca]] (the later Arab provincial capital Barka), [[Teucheira]] (modern Tocra) and [[Berenice]] (modern Benghazi); also known as the Pentapolis inferior ("lower pentapolis"'). This is the Pentapolis that is referenced in the official title of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. | |||
* [[Pentapolitana]] (or rarely [[Pentapolis]]) was a league of towns in the Middle Ages of the five most important Hungarian royal free cities (Latin: libera regiae civitas, Hungarian: szabad királyi város, German: Königliche Freistadt; Slovak: slobodné kráľovské mesto) of the Kingdom of Hungary; Kassa (today Košice), Bártfa (Bardejov), Lőcse (Levoča), Eperjes (Prešov), and Kisszeben (Sabinov). The cities are currently in eastern Slovakia. | |||