πῖλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[wool]] or [[hair wrought into felt]], used as a lining for helmets, <span class="bibl">Il.10.265</span>; for shoes, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>542</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>220b</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span>15</span>; but <b class="b3">τὴν τῶν οἰκείων πίλων γένεσιν</b>, playfully, of the human hair, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 942e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[anything made of felt]], esp. close-fitting [[cap]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>546</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>785a27</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>6.90 (Phil.), etc.; <b class="b3">πίλους τιάρας φορέοντες</b> wearing turbans [[for caps]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.12</span>; ἀντὶ τῶν π. μιτρηφόροι ἦσαν <span class="bibl">Id.7.62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">61</span>,<span class="bibl">92</span>; πῖλοι τοῖς δημοσίοις <span class="title">IG</span>22.1672.70; <b class="b3">π. λευκός</b> ib.5(1).1390.13 (Andania, i B. C.); of various fashions, π. Ἀρκαδικός <span class="bibl">Polyaen.4.14</span>; Λακωνικός <span class="bibl">Poll.1.149</span>; [[Μακεδονικός]], = [[καυσία]], <span class="bibl">Id.10.162</span>; <b class="b3">π. χαλκοῦς</b> a brazen [[cap]], i. e. helmet, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>562</span>; of the [[apex]] worn by Roman [[flamines]], <span class="bibl">D.H.2.64</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[felt shoe]], <b class="b3">λευκοὺς ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἔχων π</b>. <span class="bibl">Cratin.100</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[felt cloth]], used for carpets, mats, tents, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 4.23</span>,<span class="bibl">73</span>,<span class="bibl">75</span>, Hp.Aër.18 (pl.), cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.33.3</span> (pl.), etc.; for horse-cloths, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[felt cuirass]], [[jerkin]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[amadou]], [[Polyporus igniarius]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.7.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[embryo of Nelumbium]], ib.<span class="bibl">4.8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ball]], σφαιρίζουσα πίλῳ Suid. Hist.(<span class="title">FHG</span>ii<span class="bibl">p.464</span>) <span class="title">Fr.</span>2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> = Lat. [[pilus]], as in [[primus pilus]], Suid. (Cf. Lat. [[pilleus]].) </span>

|lstext='''πῖλος''': ὁ, ἔρια ἢ τρίχες κατειργασμέναι διὰ συμπιέσεως εἰς πυκνὸν [[πίλημα]] ἐν χρήσει πρὸς ἐσωτερικὴν ὑπένδυσιν περικεφαλαιῶν, Ἰλ. Κ. 265· πρὸς ἐσωτερικὴν κάλυψιν πεδίλων, πέδιλα… πίλοις [[ἔντοσθε]] πυκάσας, «πίλοις [[κυρίως]] τοῖς ἐξ ἐρίων πεπιλημένοις καὶ συμπατηθεῖσι καὶ συσφιγχθεῖσιν ὑφάσμασιν» (Τζέτζ.), Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 540, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Συμπ. 220Β, Λουκ. Ρητόρ. διδάσκ. 15· ― τὴν τῶν οἰκείων πίλων γένεσιν, δηλ. τὴν φυσικὴν αὔξησιν τῶν τριχῶν, Πλάτ. Νόμ. 942D. II. μάλλινον τῆς κεφαλῆς [[κάλυμμα]], [[εἶδος]] σκούφου, ἀντίθετον τῷ [[πέτασος]] (Yates Texrtin. Ant. 1, append. B), Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 544, Ἀνθ. Π. 6. 90, κτλ.· πίλους τιήρας φορέοντες, φοροῦντες τιάρας ἀντὶ πίλων, Ἡρόδ. 3. 12· ἀντὶ τῶν π. μιτροφόροι ἦσαν ὁ αὐτ. 7. 62, πρβλ. 61, 92· ἦσαν δὲ οἱ πῖλοι διαφόρων σχημάτων, [[ὅθεν]], π. Ἀρκαδικὸς Πολύαινος 4. 14· Λακωνικὸς Πολυδ. Α΄, 149· Μακεδονικὸς ὁ αὐτ. Ι΄, 61 (παρὰ Θεοφρ. περὶ Φυτ. Ἱστ. 4. 8, 7 ἀντὶ πίλῳ Θετταλικῇ ὁ Schneid διορθοῖ πετάσῳ)· π. [[χαλκοῦς]], [[κάλυμμα]] τῆς κεφαλῆς χαλκοῦν, [[κράνος]], περικεφαλαία, Ἀριστοφ. Λυσ. 562· ἐπιστεύετο δὲ ὅτι ἡ [[χρῆσις]] πίλου ἢ καλύμματος τῆς κεφαλῆς μετέτρεπε τὴν κόμην εἰς πολιάν, Ἀριστ. π. Ζ. Γεν. 5. 5, 5. 2) πέδιλα ἐκ πιλημάτων, ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἔχων πίλους Κρατῖνος ἐν «Μαλθακοῖς» 5· ἴδε ἀνωτ. 1. 3) [[εἶδος]] ὑφάσματος μὴ ὑφαντοῦ ἀλλὰ διὰ συμπιέσεως ἐρίων κατεσκευασμένου, ἐν χρήσει ἀντὶ ταπήτων, στρωμάτων καὶ σκηνῶν, Τουρκ. «κετσές», Ἡρόδ. 4. 23, 73, 75, Ἱππ. π. Ἀέρ. 291, πρβλ. Ξεν. Κύρ. 5. 5, 7· ὡς [[κάλυμμα]] ἵππου, Πλουτ. Ἀρτοξ. 11. 1) θώραξ ἐκ πίλου, «κετσέ», Θουκ. 4. 34· ἴδε ἐν λ. [[πιλητός]]. ΙΙΙ. [[εἶδος]] βαμβακώδους σφαίρας ἐπί τινων δένδρων σχηματιζομένης, Θεοφρ. π. Φυτ. Ἱστ. 3. 7, 4., 4. 8, 7 (θηλ. ἐν τῷ τελευταίῳ χωρίῳ). 2) [[σφαῖρα]], Λατ. pila, Ἀνώνυμ. παρ’ Εὐστ. 1554. ΙV. κεῖται ἀντὶ τοῦ Λατ. pilus, δηλ. ὁ [[λόχος]] τῶν τριαρίων, ordo triarium, ὡς ἐν τῷ primus pilus, «ἔστι δὲ [[πῖλος]] καὶ [[τάγμα]], πρῶτος [[πῖλος]] καλούμενος» Σουΐδ., ἴδε πριμοπιλάριος παρὰ τῷ αὐτῷ. ― (πρβλ. Λατ. pilius· Βοημ. plst ([[πίλημα]])· Ἀγγλο-Σαξον. felt· Ἀρχ. Γερμ. filz.

|elnltext=πῖλος -ου, ὁ vilt:. πίλοις ἔντοσθε πυκάσσας van binnen met stukjes vilt bekleed hebbend Hes. Op. 542; τὴν τῶν οἰκείων πίλων γένεσιν de natuurlijke groei van eigen vilt (d.w.z. haren) Plat. Lg. 942e. voorwerp van vilt vilten hoed; Hes. Op. 546; vilten tent; Hdt. 4.23.4; wambuis; Thuc. 4.34.3; zadelkleed. Plut. Art. 11.6.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[felt]], [[felt hat]], also <b class="b2">felt shoe, felt blanket etc.</b> (Κ 265); as plant-name [[touchwood]], [[Polyporus igniarius]], also [[lotus bud]] (Thphr.).<br />Compounds: Some compp. like <b class="b3">κραταί-πιλος</b> [[with hard felt]] (A. Fr. 430 = 624 M.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin: <b class="b3">πιλ-ίον</b> (Arist., hell.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">-άριον</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> (Dsc.). 2. Adj. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[made of felt]] (Andania Ia, Poll.) <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Str.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[felt-like]], [[pressed together]] (Ptol.). 3. Verbs. a. [[πιλέω]], also w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b2">to felt, to press together, to make dense, to knead</b> (Att., hell.) with <b class="b3">πίλ-ησις</b> f. <b class="b2">felting, densening, concentration because of coldness</b> (Pl., Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. [[felting]], [[felted fabric]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ητικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ή</b> ([[τέχνη]]) <b class="b2">belonging to the felting, the art of felting</b> (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 135, 137, 140); b. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b2">to concentrate (oneself), to contract (oneself)</b> (Thphr.) w. <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] of <b class="b3">-ησις</b>, Thphr.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Resembling expressions for <b class="b2">felt etc.</b> are found in Latin, Germ. and Slav.: Lat. [[pilleus]], <b class="b2">-eum</b> [[feltcap]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[filz]] m., OE [[felt]] m. (n.?), Slav., e.g. ORuss. [[pъlstъ]] f. [[feltcover]], Russ. <b class="b2">pólstь</b> f. [[cover]], [[carpet]], [[felt]]. The Germ. words go back on a PGm. <b class="b2">*filti-</b>, <b class="b2">*felta-</b> (orig. <b class="b2">s-</b>stem <b class="b2">*filtiz-</b> : <b class="b2">*feltaz-</b> from IE <b class="b2">*peldos-</b> n. ?) and may belong to OHG NHG [[falzen]] [[connect]], [[put on]], [[in]] etc.; in that case they could be dismissed. The Slav. words are polyinterpretable: they can contain before the final <b class="b2">-ti-</b> both [[d]] and [[s]]. Also Lat. [[pilleus]] can be interpreted in several ways: in order to form on the one hand a bridge to [[πῖλος]], on the other a connection with [[pilus]] [[hair]], one posits since J. Schmidt KZ 32, 387 f. (thus still Brüch IF 63, 237) an orig. <b class="b2">*pil-s-</b>, which would be a zero gade of IE <b class="b2">*pilos-</b> n. beside <b class="b2">*pilo-</b> m. [[hair]], a for the time characteristic but not very convincing paper construction. -- Prob. rather an old cultureword of unknown origin (cf. Ernout BSL 30, 115). -- Details w. rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[pilleus]] and Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">pólstь</b>; also WP. 2, 71 and Pok. 830. On the phonetics still Forbes Glotta 36, 243, on the wordfomation Specht Ursprung 233 a. 239, on the realia Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 311.