Θεός: Difference between revisions

|txtha=Θεοῦ, ὁ and ἡ, vocative θῇ, once in the N. T., Act. Thom. 44f, 57; Eus. h. e. 2,23, 16; (5,20, 7; vit. Const. 2,55, 1. 59); cf. Winer s Grammar, § 8,2c.; (Buttmann, 12 (11)); (on the eight or more proposed derivations see Vanicek, p. 386, who follows Curtius, (after Döderlein), p. 513ff in connecting it with a root meaning to supplicate, implore; hence, the implored; per contra cf. Max Müller, Chips etc. 4:227f; Liddell and Scott, under the word, at the end)); (from Homer down); the Sept. for אֵל, אֶלֹהִים and יְהוָה; a god, a goddess;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a general appellation of deities or divinities: ἡ Θεός, G L T Tr WH; Θεοῦ φωνή καί οὐκ ἀνθρώπου, ἄνθρωπος ὤν ποιεῖς σεαυτόν Θεόν, λεγόμενοι θεοί, οἱ φύσει μή ὄντες θεοί, τοῦ Θεοῦ Ρ᾽εφαν (which see), εἰσί θεοί πολλοί, Philo de somn. i. § 39 ὁ μέν ἀλήθεια Θεός εἰς ἐστιν, οἱ δ' ἐν καταχρησει λεγόμενοι πλείους). (On the use of the singular Θεός (and Latin deus) as a generic term by (later) heathen writers, see Norton, Genuineness of the Gospels, 2nd edition iii. addit. note D; cf. Dr. Ezra Abbot in Chris. Exam. for Nov. 1848, p. 389ff; Huidekoper, Judaism at Rome, chapter i. § ii.; see Bib. Sacr. for July 1856, p. 666f, and for addit. examples Nagelsbach, Homer. Theol., p. 129; also his Nachhomerische Theol., p. 139f; Stephanus' Thesaurus, under the word; and references (by Prof. Abbot) in the Journal of the Society for Biblical Literature and Exegesis, i., p. 120 note.)<br /><b class="num">2.</b> Whether Christ is called God must be determined from the only and true God: with the article, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ T Tr WH ἀπό); παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ, L T Tr WH here omit the article); παρά τῷ Θεοῦ, Tr text omits, and L WH Tr marginal reading brackets the article); ἐν τῷ Θεοῦ, ἐπί τῷ Θεῷ, εἰς τόν Θεόν, Tdf. πρός); ἐπί τόν Θεόν, πρός τόν Θεόν, Acts 24:(15 Tdf.),16, and many other examples without the article: ἀπό Θεοῦ, L T Tr WH ὑπό) παρά Θεοῦ, ἐκ Θεοῦ, παρά Θεῷ, κατά Θεόν, Winer's Grammar, § 19, under the word ὁ Θεός τίνος (genitive of person), the (guardian) God of anyone, blessing and protecting him: WH marginal reading (see below)); ὁ; but G T Tr WH text omit the phrase); ὁ Θεός μου, equivalent to οὗ εἰμί, ᾧ καί λατρεύω (Tr marginal reading brackets the genitive); κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν (in imit. of Hebrew אֱלֹהֶיך יְהוָה, אֱלֹהֵינוּ יְהוָה, אֱלֹהֵיכֶם יְהוָה, אֶלֹהֵיהֶם יְהוָה): Lightfoot as quoted under the word κύριος, c. α. at the beginning); ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ: L T Tr WH omit ἡμῶν and Χριστοῦ); L WH omit καί); ὁ Θεός as well as on πατήρ, cf. Fritzsche on Romans , iii., p. 232 f; (Oltramare on Romans , the passage cited; Lightfoot on Romans , the passage cited; also on Ephesians , the passage cited; Ellicott on Galatians , the passage cited; also, Ephesians , the passage cited); ὁ Θεός τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ ἡμῶν, Θεός ὁ πατήρ, ὁ Θεός καί πατήρ, others κύριος καί πατήρ); ἀπό Θεοῦ πατρός ἡμῶν, , others omit ἡμῶν); ὁ Θεός πατήρ, L T Tr WH (cf. Lightfoot at the passage); elsewhere without the article as) Θεοῦ πατρός (in which phrase the two words have blended as it were into one, equivalent to a proper name, German Gottvater (A. V. God the Father)): ἀπό Θεοῦ πατρός, παρά Θεοῦ πατρός, 2 John 3; cf. Wieseler, commentary üb.<br /><b class="num">d.</b> Brief a. d. Galat., p. 10ff ὁ Θεός with the genitive of the thing of which God is the author (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,1): τῆς ὑπομονῆς καί τῆς παρακλήσεως, τῆς ἐπλιδος, τῆς εἰρήνης, τῆς παρακλήσεως, τά τοῦ Θεοῦ, the things of God, i. e. α. his counsels, L β. his interests, γ. things due to God, τά πρός τόν Θεόν, things respecting, pertaining to, God — contextually equivalent to the sacrificial business of the priest, Xenophon, rep. Lac. 13,11; Fritzsche on Romans , iii., p. 262 f Nom. ὁ Θεός for the vocative: R G; Winer s Grammar, § 29,2; (Buttmann, 140 (123)). τῷ Θεῷ, God being judge (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 31,4a.; 248 (232 f); Buttmann, § 133,14): after δυνατός, ἀστεῖος, ἄμεμπτος, μέγας, ἀστεῖος, 2). For the expressions ἄνθρωπος Θεοῦ, δύναμις Θεοῦ, υἱός Θεοῦ, etc., Θεός τῆς ἐλπίδος etc., ὁ ζῶν Θεός etc., see under ἄνθρωπος 6, δύναμις a., υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐλπίς 2, ζάω I:1, etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> Θεός is used of whatever can in any respect be likened to God, or resembles him in any way: Hebraistically, equivalent to God's representative or vicegerent, of magistrates and Judges , Prayer of Manasseh , Philo de mut. nom. § 22; quod omn. prob. book § 7; (ὁ σοφός λέγεται Θεός τοῦ ἄφρονος ... Θεός πρός φαντασίαν καί δοκησιν, quod det. pot. insid. § 44); πατήρ καί μήτηρ ἐμφανεις εἰσί θεοί, μιμούμενοι τόν ἀγεννητον ἐν τῷ ζοωπλάστειν, de decal. § 23; ὠνομάσθη (i. e. Moses) ὅλου τοῦ ἔθνους Θεός καί βασιλεύς, de vita Moys. i. § 28; (de migr. Abr. § 15; de alleg. leg. i. § 13)); of the devil, ὁ Θεός τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (see αἰών, 3), ἡ κοιλία, Philippians 3:19.